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The use of MNCP for neutronics calculations within large buildings of fusion facilities

J.E. Eggleston, M.A. Abdou, M.Z. Youssef1998年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractThe calculation of nuclear parameters within fusion facilities is complicated by the complex geometry and large size of the proposed buildings housing the reactors. These complications make it impossible to use a single model, or code, to calculate the transport of neutrons from the plasma out into the rest of the building. In this paper, coupling two calculational models is demonstrated in calculating the operational dose rates in ITER building. The neutron and gamma fluxes during operation are calculated from the plasma region out to the cryostat of the machine using a two-dimensional discrete ordinates model (the subject of a companion paper) whereas a Monte Carlo MCNP model is applied in the rest of the building. In using this coupling approach, numerous joint Probability Mass Functions (PMFs) for the different phase space variables are used and constituted a specially-written source subroutine that is linked to MCNP. Along with the problem of proper source sampling and characterization, the physical size of the building, in comparison to the tally region, drastically complicates the calculation. As a result of this, the use of non-analog techniques are needed to help in the transport of particles in regions far away from the source (which is the NBI duct in this case). The fact that good results were easily achieved in the NBI room where there is a direct line of sight to the plasma, but as the detectors are placed further away, the results degenerate, exemplifying the need to use variance reduction techniques. Various techniques in the MCNP calculations are applied and compared and their usefulness is discussed. It is shown that MCNP can be used, in a limited fashion, to focus on specific high importance regions within large buildings such as in ITER.

日本語訳

核融合施設内における核パラメータの計算は、炉心を収容するために提案されている建屋の複雑な形状と大規模な寸法によって困難を極める。これらの複雑さにより、プラズマから建屋の他の部分への中性子輸送を計算するために、単一のモデルまたはコードを使用することは不可能となる。本論文では、ITER建屋内の運転時線量率を計算する際に、2つの計算モデルを結合する手法を実証する。運転時の中性子束およびガンマ線束は、プラズマ領域から装置のクライオスタットまで、2次元離散座標モデル(姉妹論文の主題)を用いて計算される一方、建屋の残りの部分にはモンテカルロ法に基づくMCNPモデルが適用される。この結合アプローチでは、異なる位相空間変数に対する多数の結合確率質量関数(PMF)が使用され、MCNPにリンクされる特別に作成されたソースサブルーチンを構成する。適切なソースサンプリングと特性評価の問題に加えて、建屋の物理的な規模が、タリー領域と比較して、計算を drastically 複雑化する。その結果、非アナログ手法の使用が、ソース(この場合はNBIダクト)から遠く離れた領域での粒子輸送を支援するために必要となる。NBI室のようにプラズマへの直接的な視線が確保できる場所では良好な結果が容易に得られたが、検出器が遠ざかるにつれて結果は劣化し、分散低減手法の必要性が明確になった。MCNP計算における様々な手法が比較適用され、その有用性が議論される。MCNPは、ITERのような大規模施設内の特定の高重要度領域に焦点を当てるために、限定的な方法で使用できることが示された。

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