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Ultracold neutral plasmas

T C Killian, Y C Chen, P Gupta, S Laha, Y N Martinez, P G Mickelson, S B Nagel, A D Saenz, C E Simien2005年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Ultracold neutral plasmas are formed by photo-ionizing laser-cooled atoms near the ionization threshold. Through the application of atomic physics techniques and diagnostics, these experiments stretch the boundaries of traditional neutral plasma physics. The electron temperature in these plasmas ranges from 1 to 1000 K and the ion temperature is around 1 K. The density can approach 1011 cm−3. Fundamental interest stems from the possibility of creating strongly coupled plasmas, but recombination, collective modes, and thermalization in these systems have also been studied. Optical absorption images of a strontium plasma, using the Sr+2S1/2 → 2P1/2 transition at 422 nm, depict the density profile of the plasma, and probe kinetics on a 50 ns time-scale. The Doppler-broadened ion absorption spectrum measures the ion velocity distribution, which gives an accurate measure of the ion dynamics in the first microsecond after photo-ionization.

日本語訳

超冷中性プラズマは、レーザー冷却された原子をイオン化閾値付近で光イオン化することによって形成される。原子物理学の技術と診断法を応用することにより、これらの実験は従来の中性プラズマ物理学の境界を押し広げる。これらのプラズマ中の電子温度は1〜1000 Kの範囲であり、イオン温度は約1 Kである。密度は10^11 cm^-3に近づくことができる。基本的な関心は強結合プラズマの生成可能性に由来するが、これらの系における再結合、集団モード、および熱化も研究されてきた。ストロンチウムプラズマの光吸収イメージングは、Sr+の2S1/2 → 2P1/2遷移(422 nm)を用いて、プラズマの密度分布を描写し、50 nsの時間スケールでの動力学を探査する。ドップラー広がりしたイオン吸収スペクトルはイオン速度分布を測定し、光イオン化後の最初のマイクロ秒におけるイオン動力学の正確な測定を提供する。

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