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Large tangential electric fields in plasmas close to temperature screening

J L Velasco, I Calvo, J M García-Regaña, F I Parra, S Satake, J A Alonso, the LHD team2018年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Low collisionality stellarator plasmas usually display a large negative radial electric field that has been expected to cause accumulation of impurities due to their high charge number. In this paper, two combined effects that can potentially modify this scenario are discussed. First, it is shown that, in low collisionality plasmas, the kinetic contribution of the electrons to the radial electric field can make it negative but small, bringing the plasma close to impurity temperature screening (i.e., to a situation in which the ion temperature gradient is the main drive of impurity transport and causes outward flux); in plasmas of very low collisionality, such as those of the large helical device displaying impurity hole (Ida et al (The LHD Experimental Group) 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 056111; Yoshinuma et al (The LHD Experimental Group) 2009 Nucl. Fusion 49 062002), screening may actually occur. Second, the component of the electric field that is tangent to the flux surface (in other words, the variation of the electrostatic potential on the flux surface), although smaller than the radial component, has recently been suggested to be an additional relevant drive for radial impurity transport. Here, it is explained that, especially when the radial electric field is small, the tangential magnetic drift has to be kept in order to correctly compute the tangential electric field, that can be larger than previously expected. This can have a strong impact on impurity transport, as we illustrate by means of simulations using the newly developed code kinetic orbit-averaging-solver for stellarators, although it is not enough to explain by itself the behavior of the fluxes in situations like the impurity hole.

日本語訳

低衝突頻度の恒星器プラズマは通常、大きな負の径方向電場を示し、その電場は高電荷数の不純物の蓄積を引き起こすと予想されてきた。本論文では、このシナリオを修正し得る2つの複合効果について議論する。第一に、低衝突頻度プラズマにおいて、電子の運動論的寄与が径方向電場を負ではあるが小さくし得ることを示す。これにより、プラズマは不純物温度スクリーニング(すなわち、イオン温度勾配が不純物輸送の主な駆動力となり、外向きのフラックスを生じる状況)に近づく。極めて低い衝突頻度のプラズマ、例えば不純物ホールを示す大型ヘリカル装置(Ida et al (The LHD Experimental Group) 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 056111; Yoshinuma et al (The LHD Experimental Group) 2009 Nucl. Fusion 49 062022)のようなプラズマでは、スクリーニングが実際に発生し得る。第二に、磁気面に接する電場成分(すなわち、磁気面上の静電ポテンシャルの変動)は、径方向成分よりも小さいものの、近年、径方向不純物輸送の追加の駆動力として重要であることが示唆されている。ここでは、特に径方向電場が小さい場合、接線方向磁気ドリフトを正確に計算するために接線方向電場を考慮する必要があることを説明する。この接線方向電場は、従来の予想よりも大きくなり得る。これは不純物輸送に強い影響を与える可能性があり、新たに開発されたコードkinetic orbit-averaging solver for stellaratorsを用いたシミュレーションによって実証する。ただし、この効果だけでは、不純物ホールのような状況におけるフラックスの挙動を完全に説明することはできない。

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