Plasma size scaling of avalanche-like heat transport in tokamaks

The influence of plasma size on global ion temperature gradient turbulence is studied with the full-f Eulerian code GT5D (Idomura et al2009 Nucl. Fusion49 065029). The gyrokinetic model includes a consistent neoclassical electric field as well as a fixed-power source operator, enabling long-time simulations with self-consistent turbulent transport and equilibrium profiles. The effects of plasma size (from ρ* = 1/100 to ρ* = 1/225) are studied by scaling the minor radius a and the input power. For the first time, worse-than-Bohm scaling is observed under experimentally realistic conditions. For all plasma sizes, avalanches propagate over significant radii but their propagation depends on the radial electric shear. It is found that this quantity does not scale with ρ* due to the building up of intrinsic momentum. Such a dependence can be inferred from a force balance relation, which remains approximately valid in nonlinear simulations. An adaptive parallel momentum source has been implemented in GT5D to damp the parallel momentum profile. The new scan then reveals that the radial electric shear scales with ρ* while the transport is globally higher. These simulations therefore suggest that intrinsic momentum reduces heat transport. This work also addresses another important issue in gyrokinetics: it is shown that for fixed initial physical parameters the turbulent quasi-steady-state is statistically independent of the initial conditions.