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The ion velocity distribution in a toroidal plasma

T.E. Stringer1974年被引用 1Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The ∇B drift in the toroidal magnetic field leads to relatively large radial displacements as the parallel velocity of an ion passes through zero. If collisional scattering into this velocity band is unable to balance the enhanced radial diffusion, a minimum will develop in the velocity distribution. This happens when ρθ/rn > (rνi/vΘ)½, where = r/R is the inverse aspect ratio of the torus, Θ = Bθ/Bφ is the ratio of poloidal and toroidal components of the magnetic field, v = (2T/M)½ is the ion thermal speed, ρθ = Mv/eBθ is the ion Larmor radius in the poloidal magnetic field, rn is the density scale length, and νi is the ion-ion collision frequency. As ρθ/rn increases, the minimum deepens, and beyond (rν/vΘ)1/3 the distribution has a loss-band character. The analysis is restricted to the "plateau" collisional regime. The velocity distribution is derived by solving the collisional kinetic equation, including the radial loss and an isotropic source term. The radial loss term is dominant only over a limited velocity band, the resonant band. Solutions valid within the resonant and non-resonant velocity ranges are matched at the transition between these ranges.For typical Tokamak parameters, the predicted anisotropy in the ion velocity distribution is very weak, being of order 1%. However, it should be quite strong in existing stellarators. Observations in the Proto-Cleo stellarator are not inconsistent with theoretical predictions.

日本語訳

トロイダル磁場中の∇Bドリフトは、イオンの平行速度がゼロを通過する際に比較的大きな半径方向変位をもたらす。この速度帯域への衝突による散乱が増大した半径方向拡散と釣り合うことができない場合、速度分布に極小値が生じる。これは、ρθ/rn > (rνi/vΘ)½ のときに起こる。ここで、= r/R はトーラスの逆アスペクト比、Θ = Bθ/Bφ は磁場のポロイダル成分とトロイダル成分の比、v = (2T/M)½ はイオンの熱速度、ρθ = Mv/eBθ はポロイダル磁場中のイオンのラーマー半径、rn は密度勾配長、νi はイオン-イオン衝突周波数である。ρθ/rn が増加すると極小値は深くなり、(rν/vΘ)1/3 を超えると速度分布は損失帯の特徴を示す。この解析は「プラトー」衝突領域に限定される。速度分布は、半径方向損失項と等方的な源項を含む衝突運動論方程式を解くことによって導出される。半径方向損失項は、共鳴速度帯域と呼ばれる限られた速度帯域でのみ支配的である。共鳴速度領域と非共鳴速度領域で有効な解は、これらの領域の遷移境界で接続される。典型的なトカマクパラメータでは、予測されるイオン速度分布の異方性は約1%程度と非常に弱い。しかしながら、既存のステラレーターではかなり強いはずである。Proto-Cleoステラレーターでの観測結果は、理論的予測と矛盾しない。

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