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Laboratory spectroscopy of silicon plasmas photoionized by mimic astrophysical compact objects

S Fujioka, N Yamamoto, D Salzmann, F Wang, Y Li, Q Dong, S Wang, Y Zhang, Y-J Rhee, Y-W Lee2009年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Photoionized plasmas are encountered in astrophysics wherever low-temperature gas/plasma is bathed in a strong radiation field. X-ray line emissions in the several kiloelectronvolts spectral range were observed from accreting clouds of binary systems, such as CYGNUS X-3 and VELA X-1, in which high-intensity x-ray continua from compact objects (neutron stars, black holes or white dwarfs) irradiate the cold and rarefied clouds. X-ray continuum-induced line emission accurately describes the accreting clouds, but experimental verification of this photoionized plasma model is scarce. Here we report the generation of photoionized plasmas in the laboratory under well-characterized conditions using a high-power laser. A blackbody radiator at a temperature of 500 eV, corresponding to a compact object, was created by means of a laser-driven implosion. The emerging x-rays irradiate a low-density (ne < 1020 cm−3) and low-temperature (Te < 30 eV) silicon plasma. Line emissions from lithium- and helium-like silicon ions were observed from a thermally cold silicon plasma in the 1.8–1.9 keV spectral region, far from equilibrium conditions. This result reveals the laboratory generation of a photoionizing plasma. Atomic kinetic calculations imply the importance of direct K-shell photoionization by incoming hard x-rays.

日本語訳

光電離プラズマは、低温のガス・プラズマが強い放射場にさらされる天体物理学のあらゆる場面で遭遇する。数キロ電子ボルトのスペクトル領域におけるX線輝線放射は、CYGNUS X-3やVELA X-1のような連星系の降着雲から観測されており、そこではコンパクト天体(中性子星、ブラックホール、白色矮星)からの高強度X線連続放射が低温で希薄な雲を照射している。X線連続放射による輝線は降着雲を正確に記述するが、この光電離プラズマモデルの実験的検証は乏しい。本論文では、高出力レーザーを用いて、特性の明確な条件下で実験室において光電離プラズマを生成したことを報告する。コンパクト天体に相当する500 eVの温度を持つ黒体放射体が、レーザー駆動爆縮によって生成された。発生したX線は、低密度(ne < 10^20 cm^-3)かつ低温(Te < 30 eV)のシリコンプラズマを照射する。リチウム様およびヘリウム様シリコンからの輝線放射が、熱的に低温なシリコンプラズマにおいて、1.8〜1.9 keVのスペクトル領域で、平衡状態から遠く離れた条件下で観測された。この結果は、実験室における光電離プラズマの生成を実証するものである。原子過程の動的計算により、入射する硬X線によるK殻直接光電離の重要性が示唆される。

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