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Can the downward current region of the aurora be simulated in the laboratory?

H Gunell, L Andersson, J De Keyser, I Mann2016年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

A laboratory plasma device is proposed to simulate the downward current region of the aurora. In this device, a discharge in neon is used as a plasma source to represent the hot plasma of the magnetosphere, and a sodium Q-machine source represents the ionospheric plasma. An electrostatic Vlasov model is used to simulate both the downward current region itself and the proposed laboratory analogue. All important phenomena that appear in the simulation of space are found in the laboratory simulation too: a double layer carries most of the potential difference; double layers are in constant motion in the direction of decreasing magnetic field; electron phase space holes appear on the high potential side of double layers and these holes carry a part of the potential difference during double layer disruptions. The ability to simulate auroral physics in the laboratory is better for the downward than the upward current region, because of the lower levels of ion acoustic-like waves in the laboratory model of the former region. Better laboratory-space agreement is found when the discharge and Q-machine ions are of similar masses. If the masses differ significantly, as they do when using helium together with sodium ions, waves on the ion time scale dominate the plasma on the low potential side of the double layer, and there is a tendency toward multiple double layers appearing simultaneously at different locations. The experiment is suitable for the study of heating processes that occur in the downward current region and to address the behaviour of the current–voltage relationship for low voltages.

日本語訳

オーロラの下向き電流領域を模擬するために、実験室プラズマ装置が提案されている。この装置では、ネオン中の放電が磁気圏の高温プラズマを表すプラズマ源として使用され、ナトリウムQマシン源が電離圏プラズマを表す。静電ブラゾフモデルを用いて、下向き電流領域自体と提案された実験室類似系の両方をシミュレートする。宇宙のシミュレーションに現れるすべての重要な現象は、実験室でも見られる:二重層が電位差の大部分を担い、二重層は磁場が減少する方向に絶えず移動し、電子位相空間ホールが二重層の高電位側に現れ、これらのホールは二重層の破壊中に電位差の一部を担う。実験室でオーロラ物理をシミュレートする能力は、前者の領域の実験室モデルにおけるイオン音響様波動のレベルが低いため、上向き電流領域よりも下向き電流領域の方が優れている。放電イオンとQマシンイオンの質量が類似している場合、実験室と宇宙の間のより良い一致が見られる。質量が大きく異なる場合、例えばヘリウムとナトリウムイオンを併用する場合には、イオン時間スケールの波動が二重層の低電位側のプラズマを支配し、異なる位置に複数の二重層が同時に現れる傾向がある。この実験は、下向き電流領域で発生する加熱過程の研究と、低電圧における電流-電圧特性の挙動を扱うのに適している。

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