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A review of experimental drift turbulence studies

G R Tynan, A Fujisawa, G McKee2009年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Experimental drift turbulence and zonal flow studies in magnetically confined plasma experiments are reviewed. The origins of drift waves, transition to drift turbulence and drift turbulence–zonal flow interactions in open field line and toroidal closed flux surface experiments are discussed and the free energy sources, dissipation mechanisms and nonlinear dynamics of drift turbulence in the core, edge and scrape-off layer plasma regions are examined. Evidence that turbulence across these regions is linked and that turbulence-driven zonal flows exist is presented, and evidence that these flows help regulate the turbulent scale lengths, amplitude and fluxes is summarized. Seemingly contradictory reports exist regarding the scale of turbulent transport events; gyro-Bohm behavior of turbulence correlation lengths as well as evidence for long-range transport phenomena both exist. Changes in turbulence during and after transport barrier formation are summarized and compared. The inferred turbulent particle and heat fluxes due to turbulent transport are usually consistent with global confinement, and edge plasma momentum transport appears to be linked to plasma flows at the last-closed flux surface and in the open field line region. However, inconsistencies between observed transport and turbulence have sometimes been reported and are pointed out here. Special attention is given to open issues, and suggestions for future experimental studies are given.

日本語訳

磁化プラズマ閉じ込め実験におけるドリフト乱流と帯状流の研究を概説する。ドリフト波の起源、ドリフト乱流への遷移、および開放磁力線およびトロイダル閉磁気面実験におけるドリフト乱流-帯状流相互作用について議論し、コア、エッジ、およびスクレイプオフ層プラズマにおける自由エネルギー源、散逸機構、およびドリフト乱流の非線形動力学を考察する。これらの領域にわたって乱流が関連しているという証拠と、乱流駆動型帯状流が存在するという証拠を示し、これらの流れが乱流スケール長、振幅、およびフラックスを調整するのに役立つという証拠を要約する。乱流輸送事象のスケールに関しては、一見矛盾する報告が存在する。すなわち、乱流相関長のジャイロボーム的挙動と長距離輸送現象の証拠の両方が存在する。輸送障壁形成中および形成後の乱流の変化を要約し、比較する。乱流輸送による推定粒子フラックスおよび熱フラックスは、通常、全体閉じ込めと一致する。また、エッジプラズマ運動量輸送は、最終閉磁気面および開放磁力線領域におけるプラズマ流と関連しているように見える。しかしながら、観測された輸送と乱流の間の不一致が時折報告されており、ここで指摘する。未解決の問題に特に注意を払い、今後の実験研究への提案を行う。

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