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Optimization of laser-nanowire target interaction to increase the proton acceleration efficiency

M Dozières, G M Petrov, P Forestier-Colleoni, P Campbell, K Krushelnick, A Maksimchuk, C McGuffey, V Kaymak, A Pukhov, M G Capeluto2019年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

We report on improved proton acceleration from the interaction of a short pulse high intensity laser (>1020 Wcm−2) with nano-engineered targets. Planar targets (from 7 to 20 μm) with protruding gold nanowires having different total areal densities, lengths, and diameters, ranging from 3% to 60% of the size of the laser focal spot were used during an experimental campaign at the 3 J, 30 fs HERCULES laser facility. The results show the importance of the average number of nanowires per focal spot, N, on laser energy absorption. We show that the proton acceleration is significantly improved by using 1 nanowires per focal spot. Detailed analysis indicates that 1 nanowire per focal spot optimizes the interaction between laser pulse and nanowires, in which the wings of the pulse pull out electrons from the wires forming a plasma with density that allows for deep penetration of the laser pulse into the array. When moving away from this optimum in both directions, N ≪ 1 and N ≫ 1, the laser pulse-nanowire coupling is either too weak or unfavorable for obtaining maximum proton energy. Proton spectra are compared to simulations using 2D-3V particle-in-cell code which reproduces the experimental data with good agreement.

日本語訳

高出力短パルスレーザー(>102 Wcm−2)とナノ構造化ターゲットとの相互作用による陽子加速の改善について報告する。実験は3 J、30 fsのHERCULESレーザー施設で行われ、金ナノワイヤーを表面に有する平面ターゲット(厚さ7〜20 μm)を使用した。ナノワイヤーの総面積密度、長さ、直径は、レーザーフォーカルスポットサイズの3%から60%の範囲で変化させた。結果は、レーザーエネルギー吸収におけるフォーカルスポットあたりの平均ナノワイヤー数Nの重要性を示している。陽子加速は、フォーカルスポットあたり1本のナノワイヤーを用いることで大幅に改善されることが明らかになった。詳細な解析により、この条件がレーザーパルスとナノワイヤー間の相互作用を最適化し、パルスの翼部分がワイヤーから電子を引き出して、レーザーパルスのアレイ内部への深い浸透を可能にするプラズマを形成することが示された。この最適条件から外れると(N ≪ 1またはN ≫ 1)、レーザーパルスとナノワイヤーの結合は弱すぎるか、または最大陽子エネルギーを得るには不適切となる。陽子スペクトルは2D-3V粒子セルシミュレーションと比較され、実験結果と良好な一致を示した。

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