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Tomography of human trabecular bone with a laser-wakefield driven x-ray source

J M Cole, J C Wood, N C Lopes, K Poder, R L Abel, S Alatabi, J S J Bryant, A Jin, S Kneip, K Mecseki2016年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

A laser-wakefield driven x-ray source is used for the radiography of human bone. The betatron motion of accelerated electrons generates x-rays which are hard (critical energy keV), have small source size (<3 μm) and high average brightness. The x-rays are generated from a helium gas cell which is near-instantly replenishable, and thus the average photon flux is limited by the repetition rate of the driving laser rather than the breakdown of the x-ray source. A tomograph of a human bone sample was recorded with a resolution down to 50 μm. The photon flux was sufficiently high that a radiograph could be taken with each laser shot, and the fact that x-ray beams were produced on 97% of shots minimised failed shots and facilitated full micro-computed tomography in a reasonable time scale of several hours, limited only by the laser repetition rate. The x-ray imaging beamline length (not including the laser) is shorter than that of a synchrotron source due to the high accelerating fields and small source size. Hence this interesting laboratory-based source may one day bridge the gap between small microfocus x-ray tubes and large synchrotron facilities.

日本語訳

レーザー航跡場駆動X線源をヒト骨のX線撮影に用いた。加速電子のベータトロン運動により生成されるX線は、硬X線(臨界エネルギー keV)であり、線源サイズが小さく(<3 μm)、平均輝度が高い。このX線はヘリウムガスセル中で生成され、その結果、平均フォトンフラックスは駆動レーザーの繰り返し周波数によって制限されるが、X線源の破壊は伴わない。ヒト骨試料の断層撮影を、50 μm以下の空間分解能で達成した。フォトンフラックスは、各レーザーパルスごとにX線撮影が可能なほど十分に高く、さらにX線ビームはショットの97%で安定して生成されたため、失敗ショットが最小限に抑えられ、数時間規模の合理的な時間内での完全なマイクロ断層撮影が可能となった。X線イメージングのビームライン長(レーザーを含まない)は、高エネルギー加速場と小さな線源サイズにより、シンクロトロン光源と比較して短い。したがって、このコンパクトなレーザー駆動X線源は、小型のマイクロフォーカスX線管と大型のシンクロトロン施設との間のギャップを埋める可能性を秘めている。

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