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Collisionless energy coupling to high-velocity electrons in the near field of an antenna: neutral gas ionization by helicon waves

G G Borg, J Bright, I V Kamenski1998年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

We propose a new kind of transit-time interaction in which the reversal (or any localized transition) in the phase velocity of a wave within a wavelength of an antenna results in a high rate of work done by the wave near the antenna for conditions where the wave phase velocity is greater than a few times the thermal speed. This enhanced rate of work near the antenna can significantly exceed the far-field value due to Landau damping. For the conditions of typical low-field (< 0.01 T) and low-density helicon wave-driven plasma sources, where the phase velocity parallel to the magnetic field can be a few times the thermal speed of electrons, it has been demonstrated that this spatial transient overshoot in the rate of work done by the wave is the dominant kinetic energy coupling process to electrons). In this paper it is demonstrated that, within a half wavelength of the antenna, it is the high-energy electrons that gain energy from both the wave and low velocity electrons as a result of this process. An important practical consequence is that the ionization rate of neutral gas can be significantly enhanced above the Maxwellian rate. The phenomenon is not restricted to helicon sources. This process may also explain the production of high-energy electrons in the near fields of antennas used in fusion plasma heating by radiofrequency waves.

日本語訳

我々は、アンテナの1波長以内における波の位相速度の反転(または任意の局所的遷移)が、波の位相速度が熱速度の数倍を超える条件下で、アンテナ近傍における波による仕事率の増大をもたらす、新種の通過時間相互作用を提案する。アンテナ近傍におけるこの増大した仕事率は、ランダウ減衰による遠方場の値を有意に上回り得る。典型的な低磁場(< 0.01 T)かつ低密度のヘリコン波プラズマ源の条件下では、磁場に平行な位相速度が電子の熱速度の数倍となり得るが、この空間的過渡的な仕事率の増大が電子への運動エネルギー結合の支配的な過程であることが実証されている。本論文では、アンテナの半波長以内において、この過程の結果として高エネルギー電子が波と低エネルギー電子の両方からエネルギーを獲得することが実証されている。重要な実用的帰結として、中性ガスの電離率がマクスウェル分布に基づく値よりも有意に増大し得ることが挙げられる。この現象はヘリコン源に限定されるものではない。この過程は、高周波波による核融合プラズマ加熱に用いられるアンテナの近傍場における高エネルギー電子の生成をも説明し得る。

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