Small particles with sizes between a few nanometers and a few 10 µm (dust) are formed in fusion devices by plasma–surface interaction processes. Though it is not a major problem today, dust is considered a problem that could arise in future long pulse fusion devices. This is primarily due to its radioactivity and due to its very high chemical reactivity. Dust formation is particularly pronounced when carbonaceous wall materials are used. Dust particles can be transported in the tokamak over significant distances. Radioactivity leads to electrical charging of dust and to its interaction with plasmas and electric fields. This may cause interference with the discharge but may also result in options for particle removal. This paper discusses some of the multi-faceted problems using information both from fusion research and from low-temperature dusty plasma work.
数纳米至数十微米大小的微小粒子（尘埃）在聚变装置中通过等离子体与壁面相互作用过程形成。尽管目前尚非主要问题，但尘埃被视为未来长脉冲聚变装置中可能出现的问题，这主要归因于其放射性和极高的化学活性。当使用碳质壁材料时，尘埃形成尤为显著。尘埃粒子可在托卡马克中输运相当远的距离。放射性导致尘埃带电，并使其与等离子体和电场相互作用。这可能干扰放电，但也可能为粒子移除提供途径。本文结合聚变研究及低温尘埃等离子体工作的信息，讨论了其中一些多方面的问题。