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Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX): design and physics results

E B Hooper, R H Bulmer, B I Cohen, D N Hill, C T Holcomb, B Hudson, H S McLean, L D Pearlstein, C A Romero-Talamás, C R Sovinec2012年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX) was a high-temperature (Te up to 0.5 keV) spheromak formed by coaxial helicity injection (CHI) and with plasma duration of a few milliseconds following the high-current formation stage. Clean walls and low impurity operation were obtained by a combination of baking, discharge cleaning and titanium deposition on the walls, allowing the generation of high-quality plasmas. Resistive-magnetohydrodynamic simulations, benchmarked to the experiment, were used to elucidate the physics. The detailed characteristics of the nφ = 1 toroidal mode associated with CHI were determined as was the physics of the nonlinear current drive and magnetic reconnection that formed and sustained the spheromak. If the helicity injection rate was reduced following formation the plasma became relatively quiescent and magnetic surfaces formed. The measured thermal diffusivity in the core was as low as ∼1 m2 s−1. However, reconnection events during buildup or sustainment of the plasma current by CHI were found to open magnetic surfaces throughout the plasma allowing rapid energy loss to the walls. As a result, experiments and simulations in SSPX found no path to simultaneous sustainment by CHI and good energy confinement. Additional physics results are also presented in this review.

日本語訳

Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment(SSPX)は、同軸ヘリシティ入射(CHI)によって形成され、高電流形成段階後に数ミリ秒のプラズマ持続時間を有する高温(Te最大0.5 keV)スフェロマクである。ベーキング、放電洗浄、およびタングステン壁へのチタン蒸着の組み合わせにより、低不純物・清浄壁状態が達成され、高品質プラズマの生成が可能となった。実験結果と照合された抵抗性MHDシミュレーションを用いて、CHIに伴うnφ=1トロイダルモードの詳細な特性と、スフェロマクを形成・維持する非線形電流駆動および磁気リコネクションの物理を解明した。ヘリシティ入射率を形成後に低減すると、プラズマは比較的静穏となり、閉じた磁気面が形成された。このときコア領域での熱拡散係数は約1 m² s⁻¹まで低下した。しかし、CHIによるプラズマ電流の形成または維持中のリコネクション事象が、プラズマ全体にわたって磁気面を開放し、壁への急速なエネルギー損失を引き起こすことが明らかになった。その結果、SSPXにおける実験とシミュレーションは、CHIによる定常維持と優れたエネルギー閉じ込めの両立が不可能であることを示した。本レビューでは、これらの追加の物理的知見についても提示する。

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