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Fusion performance of spherical and conventional tokamaks: implications for compact pilot plants and reactors

A E Costley, S A M McNamara2021年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Spherical tokamaks (STs) have features that make them a potentially attractive option for fusion power production compared to conventional tokamaks (CTs) including operation at high beta and high self-driven 'bootstrap' current. The thermal energy confinement time (τΕ) also typically has a stronger dependence on toroidal magnetic field and a weaker dependence on plasma current, but so far it has not been established how this difference impacts performance under reactor conditions. This aspect is explored in this paper. Using empirical data from NSTX and MAST, and from multiple CTs, we investigate analytically and by using established fusion codes the potential fusion performance, characterised by the fusion triple product, nTτΕ, and fusion power gain, Qfus, where n and T are the density and temperature respectively. We find that for similar values of field and fusion power, but smaller volume, STs can have nTτΕ up to a factor of three higher and Qfus an order of magnitude higher than CTs. We identify the origin of this enhanced performance and outline a measurement to advance this finding. Potentially our results open an alternative and faster route to fusion power based on relatively small, low power STs.

日本語訳

球状トカマク(ST)は、従来型トカマク(CT)と比較して、高ベータ運転や高自発「ブートストラップ」電流など、核融合発電にとって潜在的に魅力的な特徴を有している。また、熱エネルギー閉じ込め時間(τΕ)は、 typically トロイダル磁場への依存性が強く、プラズマ電流への依存性が弱いが、これまでこの差異が炉心条件下での性能にどのように影響するかは明らかにされていない。本論文ではこの点を検討する。NSTUおよびMASTからの実験データと、複数のCTからのデータを用いて、我々は解析的アプローチと確立された核融合コードにより、核融合トリプル積 nTτΕ および核融合利得 Qfus で特徴づけられる潜在的な核融合性能を調査する。ここで n と T はそれぞれ密度と温度である。その結果、磁場と核融合出力が同程度であっても体積が小さい場合、STはCTに比べて nTτΕ が最大3倍、Qfus が一桁高い値を達成し得ることが分かった。我々はこの性能向上の起源を特定し、この知見を前進させるための計測手法を概説する。我々の結果は、比較的小型で低出力のSTに基づく、核融合への代替的かつより迅速な経路を開く可能性がある。

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