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High-current laser-driven beams of relativistic electrons for high energy density research

O N Rosmej, M Gyrdymov, M M Günther, N E Andreev, P Tavana, P Neumayer, S Zähter, N Zahn, V S Popov, N G Borisenko2020年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

We report on enhanced laser driven electron beam generation in the multi MeV energy range that promises a tremendous increase of the diagnostic potential of high energy sub-PW and PW-class laser systems. In the experiment, an intense sub-picosecond laser pulse of ∼1019 Wcm−2 intensity propagates through a plasma of near critical electron density (NCD) and drives the direct laser acceleration (DLA) of plasma electrons. Low-density polymer foams were used for the production of hydrodynamically stable long-scale NCD-plasmas. Measurements show that relativistic electrons generated in the DLA-process propagate within a half angle of 2 ± 1° to the laser axis. Inside this divergence cone, an effective electron temperature of 10–13 MeV and a maximum of the electron energy of 100 MeV were reached. The high laser energy conversion efficiency into electrons with energies above 2 MeV achieved 23% with a total charge approaching 1 μC. For application purposes, we used the nuclear activation method to characterize the MeV bremsstrahlung spectrum produced in the interaction of the high-current relativistic electrons with high-Z samples and measured top yields of gamma-driven nuclear reactions. The optimization of the high-Z target geometry predicts an ultra-high MeV photon number of ∼1012 per shot at moderate relativistic laser intensity of 1019 Wcm−2. A good agreement between the experimental data and the results of the 3D-PIC and GEANT4-simulations was demonstrated.

日本語訳

多MeVエネルギー領域におけるレーザー駆動電子ビーム生成の向上について報告する。これは、サブPW級およびPW級レーザーシステムの高エネルギー診断能力を飛躍的に向上させる可能性を秘めている。実験では、約10¹⁹ Wcm⁻²の強度を持つ強力なサブピコ秒レーザーパルスを、臨界電子密度(NCD)に近いプラズマ中を伝播させ、直接レーザー加速(DLA)によるプラズマ電子の加速を駆動した。流体力学的に安定な長スケールNCDプラズマの生成には、低密度ポリマーフォームを用いた。測定の結果、DLA過程で生成された相対論的電子は、レーザー軸に対して半角2±1°の範囲内を伝播することが示された。この発散コーン内では、実効電子温度10〜13 MeV、電子エネルギーの最大値100 MeVに達した。2 MeV以上のエネルギーを持つ電子へのレーザーエネルギー変換効率は23%に達し、総電荷量は約1 μCであった。応用を目的として、核活性化法を用いてMeV制動放射スペクトルを特性評価し、高Z試料と高電流相対論的電子との相互作用によって生成されるガンマ線核反応の収量を測定した。高Zターゲット形状の最適化により、10¹⁹ Wcm⁻²程度の相対論的レーザー強度において、1ショットあたり約10¹²個のMeV光子生成が予測される。実験データと3D-PICおよびGEANT4シミュレーションの結果との間に良好な一致が実証された。

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