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Well collimated MeV electron beam generation in the plasma channel from relativistic laser-solid interaction

I Tsymbalov, D Gorlova, S Shulyapov, V Prokudin, A Zavorotny, K Ivanov, R Volkov, V Bychenkov, V Nedorezov, A Paskhalov2019年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Efficient direct electron acceleration in the plasma channel with injection through the breaking of plasma waves generated by parametric instabilities was demonstrated experimentally and reproduced in the 2D3V PIC simulations. The electron bunch was produced using the specific plasma profile containing arbitrary sharp, ∼0.5λ, gradient at the vicinity of 0.1–0.5 critical density and a long tail of a tenuous preplasma. Such a preplasma profile was formed by an additional nanosecond laser pulse with intensity of 5 × 1012 W cm−2. In the case of optimal preplasma parameters femtosecond laser pulse with an intensity of 5 × 1018 W cm−2 and an energy of 50 mJ generates a collimated electron bunch having divergence of 50 mrad, exponential spectrum with the slope of ∼2 MeV and charge of tens of pC. The charge was confirmed measuring neutron yield from Be(g, n) photonuclear reaction with threshold of 1.7 MeV. By the contrast, a ring-like electron beam with divergency of 300 mrad and significantly lower charge is generated if the prepulse intensity drops to 5 × 1011 W cm−2. The 2D PIC simulations confirmed beamed electron's acceleration in the plasma channel (so-called direct laser acceleration). This channel is formed in a long tail of teneous preplasma by the laser pulse specularly reflected from the arbitrary sharp gradient. The ring-like electron beam was attributed to the longer gradient case enlarging divergence of the reflected laser beam, preventing channel's formation and electron acceleration by the so-called vacuum laser acceleration, or VLA. We also showed that injected electrons appeared from the wave breaking of plasma waves of hybrid SRS-TPD instability for the both gradients. Electrons received an initial momentum from this breaking to be effectively injected into the plasma channel.

日本語訳

プラズマチャネルにおける電子の効率的な直接加速が、パラメトリック不安定性によって生成されたプラズマ波の破砕を伴う注入を通じて実験的に実証され、2D3V PICシミュレーションでも再現された。電子バンチは、臨界密度の0.1〜0.5付近に急峻な勾配(約0.5λ)と、長いテールを有する希薄プレプラズマを含む特定のプラズマプロファイルを用いて生成された。このようなプレプラズマプロファイルは、強度5×10¹² W cm⁻²の追加のナノ秒レーザーパルスによって形成された。最適なプレプラズマパラメータの場合、強度5×10¹⁸ W cm⁻²、エネルギー50 mJのフェムト秒レーザーパルスにより、発散角50 mrad、指数スペクトルの傾き約2 MeV、電荷数十pCのコリメートされた電子バンチが生成された。この電荷は、閾値1.7 MeVのBe(g,n)光核反応による中性子収量を測定することで確認された。対照的に、プレパルス強度が5×10¹¹ W cm⁻²に低下すると、発散角300 mradで電荷が著しく低いリング状の電子ビームが生成された。2D3V PICシミュレーションにより、急峻な勾配から鏡面反射されたレーザーパルスによって長いテールを有する希薄プレプラズマ中に形成されたプラズマチャネル内での電子加速(いわゆる直接レーザー加速)が確認された。リング状の電子ビームは、より緩やかな勾配の場合に帰属され、反射されたレーザービームの発散が増大してチャネル形成と電子加速が妨げられ、いわゆる真空中レーザー加速、すなわちVLAに至った。さらに、両方の勾配条件において、注入された電子はハイブリッドSRS-TPD不安定性によるプラズマ波の破砕から生じることが示された。電子はこの破砕から初期運動量を得て、プラズマチャネル内に効果的に注入された。

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Electron beamsRelativistic laser
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