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Physics of relativistic laser-plasmas

Patrick Mora2001年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The interaction of ultra-intense (and ultra-short) laser beams with plasmas gives rise to a variety of phenomena. The propagation is, in principle, possible in an overdense plasma if the laser intensity is above a threshold fixed by the electron density. However, the solutions describing this so-called relativistically self-induced transparency are subject to violent electron instabilities, as is already the case in an underdense plasma. The growth rates of the instabilities are so large that it appears hopeless to propagate efficiently a high-intensity beam in a cold plasma. The situation is somewhat more favourable in a relativistically hot plasma, where the growth rates of the instabilities are significantly reduced. In any case, the interaction of the laser beam with the plasma results in a strong electron acceleration and heating. The electron acceleration is both due to the plasma waves generated in the plasma by the laser beam and to the laser field itself. In present-day experiments, the fastest electron energy can be in the range of hundreds of MeV. Correlatively, fast ions can be accelerated by the charge separation electric fields, and energetic photons due to bremsstrahlung appear, which in turn can be responsible for photonuclear reactions. The transport and interactions of all these energetic particles in and outside the plasma are interesting for various applications, such as possible laser acceleration of electrons up to the GeV range, high-energy short-duration particle sources, protron radiography, fast-ignition approach to inertial confinement fusion, etc.

日本語訳

超高強度(および超短パルス)レーザーとプラズマとの相互作用は、多様な現象を引き起こす。その伝播は、原理的には、レーザー強度が電子密度によって決まる閾値を超える場合、過密プラズマにおいて可能である。しかしながら、このいわゆる相対論的自誘起透明化を記述する解は、過疎プラズマにおいて既にそうであるように、激しい電子不安定性にさらされる。その不安定性の成長率は非常に大きいため、冷たいプラズマ中で高強度ビームを効率的に伝播させることは絶望的に見える。状況は、相対論的に高温のプラズマではやや好転し、そこでは不安定性の成長率が著しく低減される。いずれにせよ、レーザービームとプラズマとの相互作用は、強い電子の加速と加熱をもたらす。電子加速は、レーザービームによってプラズマ中に励起されるプラズマ波と、レーザー場自体の両方に起因する。今日の実験では、最も高速な電子のエネルギーは数百MeVの範囲に達し得る。これに対応して、高速イオンは電荷分離電場によって加速され得、また制動放射による高エネルギー光子が発生し、これらはさらに光核反応を引き起こし得る。これらすべての高エネルギー粒子の、プラズマ内外における輸送と相互作用は、GeV領域へのレーザー電子加速、高エネルギー・短パルス粒子源、陽子ラジオグラフィー、高速点火方式による慣性核融合など、多様な応用の観点から興味深い。

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