Schematic illustration of MCNP simulation procedure. Runaways are incident into a model tungsten particulate and are scattered in a new direction or terminated. Knock-on electrons (from ionization) and gamma rays (from bremsstrahlung) are generated by runaway collisions and may also exit the particulate.
The experimental setup. The main beam of the Zeus laser focuses downstream of the NS nozzle exit (a) and interacts with the gas. The accelerated electrons travelling in the laser propagation direction enter the magnetic spectrometer (MS), and their resulting spectra are recorded by a CCD (b). The low-energy, secondary beam serves to probe the interaction via shadowgraphy (c).
プラズマ中に注入された電子ビームが最もよく知る過程は、ビーム・プラズマ不安定である。ビームの速度分布に勾配があると、背景プラズマの固有モード(ラングミュア波や電子音響波など)がビームからエネルギーを吸収して指数関数的に成長する。成長するモードは分散関係の交差点で他の波モードと結合し、広いスペクトルの波活動が交差点付近で最大振幅を持つことがある。この性質は、衛星観測で見られる type III 電波源の解釈や、実験室プラズマ中の波スペクトルの解釈に共通して重要である。磁化プラズマでは、サイクロトロン周波数とプラズマ周波数の比が交差点の有無と位置を決める主要なパラメータとなる。
Dispersion relation of electrostatic wave (a) for \gamma_{u,\text{RE}} = 3 and (b) for \gamma_{u,\text{RE}} = 21, whistler wave (c) for \gamma_{u,\text{RE}} = 3 and (b) for \gamma_{u,\text{RE}} = 21, where n_{\text{RE,0}} = n_{\mathrm{e},0}/8. Here, the growth rate means the imaginary part of the frequency. Similar to the figure 1, the frequency ω is normalized by |\omega_{\mathrm{ce},0}| = eB_{0}/m_{e}, and the x-component of the wave vector kx is normalized by \omega_{\mathrm{pe}}/c, and we set the ratio between the electron plasma frequency and the cyclotron frequency to be \omega_{\mathrm{pe}}/|\omega_{\mathrm{ce},0}| = 0.5. Note that, in figure (b), the ten times of the growth rate is sketched.
Examples of the double synchrotron pattern chain configuration before the collapse of the RE current in the pulses 95135 (left plot), 95775 (center plot) and 95776 (right plot). The snapshots are taken respectively 1 ms (95135), 0.4 ms (95775) and 0.36 ms (95776 ) before RE beam collapse. The left and center snapshots are respectively in the IR and visible spectra. The right plot is the visible image of the pulse 95776 after post-processing for enhancing the feature visibility.
図は、JET の三つの放電で、逃走電子電流の崩壊直前(それぞれ 1 ms、0.4 ms、0.36 ms 前)に撮影されたシンクロトロン放射画像である。いずれも放射強度の二重の島状パターンが縦に連なる様子が見え、これらの構造の時間発展がミルノフコイル信号や電流分布の測定と対照され、磁島と逃走電子損失の関係の解析に使われている。