The C-2W tunable energy beam line. The plasma emitter consists of four plasma generators, a vacuum chamber, and permanent magnets along the wall. The ion optics system forms the ion beam, and contains the plasma grid, the extraction grid, the electron suppression grid, and the grounded grid. The ion beam traverses the neutralizer that contains a gas density suitable for converting most of the ions into neutrals via charge-exchange. The residual ions within the mostly neutralized beam are extracted by a bending magnet and stop on the residual ion beam dump. The neutral beam then traverses through the beam duct and into the confinement vessel (CV). Most of the beam is ionized by the FRC plasma and any residual neutral particles stop on the neutral beam dump. The beam is diagnosed in situ by a wire calorimeter, spectroscopy, and an array of secondary electron emission detectors within the neutral beam dump. First-orbit or charge-exchange losses of NBI-created fast ions can be measured by the fiber-Brag grating arrays along the wall of the CV. Lastly, the only difference between the TNB and SNB beam lines, in general, are the number of grids (four versus three) in the ion optic system. The impact parameter is r = 0 cm in the figure, but this is for pictorial simplicity (nominally r = 20 cm). This model is not to scale.
ITER neutral beam injection geometry in configuration ‘off/on’ with one injector in the off-axis vertical tilt configuration (blue) and one in the on-axis configuration (red). (a) Shows a poloidal projection, while (b) a view from above the torus, with the circumference of radius Rtang represented in cyan.
現在の主流は、高周波(RF)駆動の陰イオン源である。陽イオン源では中性化効率がビームエネルギーの上昇とともに急落するため、MeV級のビームには陰イオンを用いる方式(負イオンNBI、NNBI)が必須となる(次節参照)。ITERでは、1.9 m × 0.9 m の大面積源から0.3 Paの源圧力で40 Aの陰イオン電流を取り出すことが要求され、2007年にIPPのRF駆動陰イオン源が保守不要な運転を期待されて標準源に選定された。RF駆動源はフィラメントを持たないため長パルス運転に向くが、源内のプラズマ化学の制御、特に引出し系近傍のプラズマ領域の制御が性能の鍵であり、長パルス安定性と大面積での均一性が開発の焦点である。CRAFTの陰イオン源開発では、単一駆動・二駆動・四駆動のRF源が段階的に試験されており、次の図にその外観とアパーチャ配置を示す。
Pictures of the CRAFT negative ion sources and their aperture arrangements. From left to right: single-driver, dual-driver and quad-driver RF negative ion sources that already tested under the CRAFT project. Single-driver, dual-driver and quad-driver RF negative ion sources are equipped with 50 keV, 200 keV and 200 keV accelerators, respectively. The quad-driver one will be upgraded to 400 keV accelerator as long as the higher acceleration voltage power supply is ready.