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Plasma behaviour with molecular beam injection in the HL-1M tokamak

Lianghua Yao, Nianyi Tang, Zhengying Cui, Deming Xu, Zhongchao Deng, Xuantong Ding, Junlin Luo, Jiafu Dong, Gancheng Guo, Shikun Yang1998年被引用 73Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

A new method of gas fuelling has been introduced in the HL-1M tokamak. The method consists of a pulsed high speed molecular beam formed by a Laval type nozzle. The velocity of the well collimated hydrogen beam is about 500 m/s. About 6 × 1019 molecules pass through the nozzle and into the vacuum chamber in each pulse. A series of helium pulses was injected into the HL-1M low density (e = 4 × 1018 m-3) hydrogen plasma. With penetration depth up to 12 cm, the ramp-up rate of the electron density, de/dt, was as high as 3.1 × 1020 m-3·s-1 at steady state, and the resulting plasma density reached e = 5.6 × 1019 m-3. The profile peaking factor of the electron density, Qn = ne(0)/⟨ne⟩ of about 100 ms after helium molecular beam injection (MBI) reached a maximum value of more than 1.51. The energy confinement time τE measured by diamagnetism is 26 ms, which is over 30% longer than that of the gas puffing (GP) results under the same operational conditions. The improvement of τE and increase of Qn for MBI were comparable to those of small pellet injection (PI) in HL-1M, as well as those of slow PI in ASDEX (Kaufmann, M., et al., Nucl. Fusion 28 (1988) 827). It is argued that the peaked density profile induced by the deepened particle injection is a factor essential for the confinement improvement apart from the isotope effect of helium particles, because the density peaking factor Qn is normally less than 1.4 for GP plasma in HL-1M. The particle confinement time with MBI increased sixfold in comparison with that before injection.

日本語訳

HL-1Mトカマクにおいて、新しいガス燃料供給法が導入された。この方法は、ラバル型ノズルによって形成されるパルス高速分子ビームからなる。良くコリメートされた水素ビームの速度は約500 m/sである。各パルスで約6 × 1019個の分子がノズルを通って真空容器内に入る。一連のヘリウムパルスが、HL-1Mの低密度(e = 4 × 1018 m-3)水素プラズマに注入された。侵入深さが最大12 cmで、電子密度の上昇率 de/dt は定常状態で最大3.1 × 1020 m-3·s-1 に達し、結果として得られたプラズマ密度は e = 5.6 × 1019 m-3 に達した。ヘリウム分子ビーム入射(MBI)後約100 msでの電子密度の分布ピーキング因子 Qn = ne(0)/⟨ne⟩ は、最大値1.51以上に達した。反磁性によって測定されたエネルギー閉じ込め時間 τE は26 msであり、これは同じ運転条件でのガスパフ(GP)結果よりも30%以上長い。MBIにおけるτEの改善とQnの増加は、HL-1Mでの小型ペレット入射(PI)およびASDEXでの低速PI(Kaufmann, M., et al., Nucl. Fusion 28 (1988) 827)の結果に匹敵するものであった。深い粒子入射によって誘起されるピーク化した密度分布は、ヘリウム粒子の同位体効果とは別に、閉じ込め改善に不可欠な因子であると論じられる。なぜなら、HL-1MのGPプラズマでは密度ピーキング因子Qnは通常1.4未満だからである。MBIによる粒子閉じ込め時間は、入射前と比較して6倍に増加した。

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