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Neutral-beam injection into a tokamak, part I: fast-ion spatial distribution for tangential injection

J.A. Rome, J.D. Callen, J.F. Clarke1974年被引用 88Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The production processes and spatial distribution of fast ions resulting from tangential injection of a diffuse neutral beam into a tokamak are discussed. The spatial distribution of fast ions for various injection trajectories and absorption mean free paths are calculated and discussed in detail. Maximum beam absorption for a parabolic density profile is shown to occur for injection roughly halfway between the inner wall of the torus and the magnetic axis; however, since this maximum is near unity and only weakly dependent on the injection trajectory, this is not the most important possible optimization. Since the drift orbit surface area over which the fast ions are distributed is roughly proportional to the distance from the magnetic axis, the fast ion density is found to be strongly peaked at the magnetic axis for present experiments where the absorption mean free path λ is comparable to the plasma radius a. This geometric peaking effect is strong enough to overcome the exponential beam attenuation and cause the fast-ion density and consequent beam energy deposition to be peaked at the plasma centre as long as λ0 ≳ a/4. Charge exchange of the fast ions with neutrals in the plasma can deplete the fast-ion population, particularly near the plasma edge. When charge exchange is an important loss mechanism, beam injection nearly tangent to the magnetic axis is found to maximize the beam effectiveness in heating.

日本語訳

トカマクへの拡散中性ビームの接線方向入射によって生じる高速イオンの生成過程と空間分布について論じる。様々な入射軌道と吸収平均自由行程に対する高速イオンの空間分布を計算し、詳細に考察する。放物線状密度分布に対する最大ビーム吸収は、トーラス内壁と磁気軸の中間付近への入射で生じることが示される。しかし、この最大値はほぼ1に近く、入射軌道に対する依存性が弱いため、これは最も重要な最適化ではない。高速イオンが分布するドリフト表面積は磁気軸からの距離にほぼ比例するため、吸収平均自由行程λがプラズマ半径aと同程度である現在の実験では、高速イオン密度は磁気軸付近で強くピークを持つことが見出される。この幾何学的なピーキング効果は、指数関数的なビーム減衰を上回るほど強く、λ₀ ≳ a/4 の条件下では、高速イオン密度とそれに伴うビームエネルギー堆積がプラズマ中心でピークを持つ。プラズマ中の高速イオンと中性粒子との電荷交換は、特にプラズマ端付近で高速イオン集団を減少させ得る。電荷交換が重要な損失機構となる場合、磁気軸にほぼ接線方向のビーム入射が、加熱におけるビーム効率を最大化することが見出される。

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Fusion Advanced Studies TorusEnergetic ionNeutral beam injection
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