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Runaway electron beam generation and mitigation during disruptions at JET-ILW

C. Reux, V. Plyusnin, B. Alper, D. Alves, B. Bazylev, E. Belonohy, A. Boboc, S. Brezinsek, I. Coffey, J. Decker2015年被引用 86Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Disruptions are a major operational concern for next generation tokamaks, including ITER. They may generate excessive heat loads on plasma facing components, large electromagnetic forces in the machine structures and several MA of multi-MeV runaway electrons. A more complete understanding of the runaway generation processes and methods to suppress them is necessary to ensure safe and reliable operation of future tokamaks. Runaway electrons were studied at JET-ILW showing that their generation dependencies (accelerating electric field, avalanche critical field, toroidal field, MHD fluctuations) are in agreement with current theories. In addition, vertical stability plays a key role in long runaway beam formation. Energies up to 20 MeV are observed. Mitigation of an incoming runaway electron beam triggered by massive argon injection was found to be feasible provided that the injection takes place early enough in the disruption process. However, suppressing an already accelerated runaway electron beam in the MA range was found to be difficult even with injections of more than 2 kPa.m3 high-Z gases such as krypton or xenon. This may be due to the presence of a cold background plasma weakly coupled to the runaway electron beam which prevents neutrals from penetrating in the electron beam core. Following unsuccessful mitigation attempts, runaway electron impacts on beryllium plasma-facing components were observed, showing localized melting with toroidal asymmetries.

日本語訳

ディスラプションは、次世代トカマク(ITERを含む)にとって主要な運転上の懸念事項である。ディスラプションは、プラズマ対向機器への過大な熱負荷、機器構造体への大きな電磁力、および数MAの多MeV runaway電子を発生させる可能性がある。runaway電子の生成過程とその抑制方法のより完全な理解は、将来のトカマクの安全かつ信頼性の高い運転を確保するために必要である。runaway電子はJET-ILWで研究され、その生成依存性(加速電場、なだれ臨界電場、トロイダル磁場、MHD変動)が現在の理論と一致することが示された。さらに、鉛直安定性は長寿命runawayビームの形成において重要な役割を果たす。最大20MeVのエネルギーが観測された。大量アルゴン入射によって引き起こされる入射runaway電子ビームの緩和は、入射がディスラプション過程の初期に行われるならば実行可能であることが見出された。しかしながら、MA領域の既に加速されたrunaway電子ビームの抑制は、クリプトンやキセノンなどの高Zガスを2kPa・m³以上入射した場合でも困難であることが判明した。これは、runaway電子ビームと弱く結合した冷たい背景プラズマの存在によるものと考えられ、これが中性粒子の電子ビーム中心部への侵入を妨げる。抑制試行の失敗後、runaway電子のベリリウム製プラズマ対向機器への衝突が観測され、トロイダル方向に非対称な局所溶融が示された。

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