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Destabilization of low-frequency modes (LFMs) driven by a thermal pressure gradient in EAST plasmas with qmin⩽ 2

Ming Xu, Ruirui Ma, Liqing Xu, Yingying Li, Hailin Zhao, Wei Chen, Shouxin Wang, Guoqiang Li, Guoqiang Zhong, Fudi Wang2022年被引用 1Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Mode structures and excitation conditions for the low-frequency modes (LFMs) have been investigated in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) plasmas with qmin ⩽ 2. Two different stages/categories of the LFM instabilities are observed during the oscillation of annular/central collapse events: (I) the upward sweeping frequency of LFMs; (II) the upward frequency jumpsof LFMs. The annular/central events are triggered by the m/n = 2/1 double tearing modes with different q-profiles, while the LFMs are characterized by higher mode numbers m/n = 4/2, 6/3, ..., where m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively. The maximum radial coverage of the LFMs is located in the annular region of 1.97 2.07 m with the normalized minor radius 0.2 0.4, while the higher-frequency (or upward sweeping frequency) branch is more localized to the radial position of 2 2.02 m (qmin). The frequency characteristics of upward sweeps or upward jumps of the LFMs are mainly attributed to the change in the q-profile, e.g. the upward sweeping frequency in stage I is caused by qmin decreasing. Accordingly, the linear wave properties of LFMs in EAST with weak/reversed magnetic shear are studied numerically and analytically based on a general fishbone-like dispersion relation. Without considering the contribution of energetic ions, it is shown that the LFM with Alfvénic polarization is an MHD-unstable kinetic ballooning mode with frequency of the order of the ion diamagnetic drift frequency. Several important factors for the excitation of LFM instability are analyzed: (1) the role of energetic ions is unimportant, and the LFMs can be excited under the two conditions of with/without energetic ions; (2) the higher τ = Te/Ti with larger ηi = Lni/LTi are required, namely the normalized pressure gradient α ∝ (1 + τ)(1 + ηi) should be large enough to overcome the stability effect of finite field line bending; (3) the weak/reversed shear q-profile with qmin ⩽ 2 and suitable S ≡ (r/q)(q'')1/2 are required.

日本語訳

モード構造と低周波モード(LFM)の励起条件が、qmin ≤ 2 の実験先進超伝導トカマク(EAST)プラズマにおいて調査された。環状/中心崩壊事象の振動中に、LFM 不安定性の2つの異なる段階/カテゴリーが観測される:(I)LFM の周波数上昇掃引;(II)LFM の周波数上昇跳躍。環状/中心事象は、異なる q プロファイルを持つ m/n = 2/1 二重テアリングモードによって引き起こされる一方、LFM はより高次のモード数 m/n = 4/2, 6/3, ... によって特徴づけられる。ここで、m と n はそれぞれポロイダルおよびトロイダルモード数である。LFM の最大径方向到達範囲は、規格化小半径 0.2 ≤ r/a ≤ 0.4 の環状領域(1.97 m ≤ R ≤ 2.07 m)に位置する一方、高周波数(または周波数上昇掃引)分岐は、qmin の径方向位置(R ≈ 2.02 m)により局在化している。LFM の周波数上昇掃引または周波数上昇跳躍の周波数特性は、主に q プロファイルの変化に起因する。例えば、段階 I における周波数上昇掃引は qmin の減少によって引き起こされる。これに基づき、弱磁気シア/逆磁気シアを有する EAST における LFM の線形波動特性が、一般化されたフィッシュボーン分散関係に基づいて数値的および解析的に研究された。高エネルギー粒子の寄与を考慮しない場合、アルフヴェン偏極を有する LFM は、イオン反磁性ドリフト周波数程度の周波数を持つ MHD 不安定な運動論的バルーニングモードであることが示された。LFM 励起のいくつかの重要な因子が解析された:(1)高エネルギー粒子の役割は重要ではなく、LFM は高エネルギー粒子の有無にかかわらず励起され得る;(2)より高い τ = Te/Ti とより大きな ηi = Lni/LTi が必要であり、すなわち規格化圧力勾配 α ∝ (1 + τ)(1 + ηi) は、有限磁力線曲率の安定化効果を克服するのに十分大きくなければならない;(3)qmin ≤ 2 と適切な S ≡ (r/q)(q'')1/2 を有する弱磁気シア/逆磁気シアの q プロファイルが必要である。

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