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Geometry effects on energy selective focusing of laser-driven protons with open and closed hemisphere-cone targets

M King, A Higginson, C McGuffey, R Wilson, G Schaumann, T Hodge, J B Ohland, S Gales, M P Hill, S F Pitt2024年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Relativistically intense laser light interacting with solid density targets can accelerate protons to multi-MeV energies via the target normal sheath acceleration process. The use of hollow hemisphere targets with a hollow conical region to focus protons of selected energies, for applications such as isochoric heating of matter and for the fast ignition approach to inertial confinement fusion, is explored for laser intensity Wcm−2. Specifically, the effects of having the cone tip open or closed is investigated experimentally and via a programme of scaled particle-in-cell simulations. The open cone configuration is found to result in proton focusing in the energy range of 9 to 24 MeV, and produce an annular profile for higher energy components, up to 55 MeV, while the spatial distribution of lower energy components remains unchanged. By contrast, for the closed cone case, the focusing effect is diminished by the fields present on the inner wall of the cone tip. Simulations reveal that strong electrostatic and magnetic fields present on the inner surfaces of the target induce the focusing effect with the open cone, but also result in proton divergence in the case of the closed cone. Additionally, the simulations demonstrate the possibility to tailor the cone geometry to select the energy range over which the focusing occurs.

日本語訳

相対論的に強いレーザー光が固体密度のターゲットと相互作用すると、ターゲット法線方向シース加速機構を介して陽子を数MeVのエネルギーまで加速できる。レーザー強度 Wcm⁻² において、等時加熱や慣性核融合の高速点火アプローチなどの応用のために、選択されたエネルギーの陽子を集束させる中空半球ターゲットと中空円錐領域の使用が探求されている。具体的には、円錐先端が開いている場合と閉じている場合の効果が、実験的およびスケール化されたパーティクルインセルシミュレーションのプログラムを通じて調査されている。開いた円錐構成では、9〜24 MeVのエネルギー範囲で陽子集束が生じ、より高エネルギー成分(最大55 MeV)では環状プロファイルが生成される一方、より低エネルギー成分の空間分布は変化しないことが見出された。対照的に、閉じた円錐の場合、集束効果は円錐先端の内壁に存在する電磁場によって減弱される。シミュレーションにより、ターゲット内表面に生じる強い静電場と磁場が、開いた円錐では集束効果を誘起するが、閉じた円錐では陽子の発散を引き起こすことが明らかになった。さらに、シミュレーションは、集束が生じるエネルギー範囲を選択するために円錐の幾何学的形状を調整できる可能性を示している。

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