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Experimental study of turbulent supercritical open channel water flow as applied to the CLiFF concept

S Smolentsev, B Freeze, N Morley, M Abdou2002年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractAn experimental study of turbulent open channel water flows was conducted that simulated basic features of the flow of molten salt in the convective liquid flow first-wall (CLiFF) concept, which is a part of the Advanced Power Extraction (APEX) study. Unlike many other studies of open channel flows, the present one concentrates on a supercritical flow regime, in which surface waviness and wave–turbulence interaction are the most important processes that determine the heat transfer rate in CLiFF flows. The current study covers the Reynolds number and Froude number range of 1×104–6×104 and 150–250, respectively, with a fixed chute inclination angle of 30°. The statistical characteristics of the wavy interface were obtained with an ultrasound transducer. A spectral analysis of the oscillating flow thickness shows that a major part of the spectrum is presented by long finite-amplitude waves (f=10–50 Hz), which carry a significant part of the volumetric flux. Based on dye technique observations, short waves are mostly responsible for mixing the liquid at the surface. The surface waviness can be characterized by a parameter built through the mean flow thickness, h, and its standard deviation (S.D.), σ, as 0.5σ/h, which is almost constant, 0.1, in all experiments. The mean flow thickness variations are predicted well with the ‘K–ε’ model of turbulence [Int. J. Eng. Sci. 40/6 (2002) 693], but the fluctuations are not resolved. Thermal images of the free surface measured by an infrared (IR) camera are very non-uniform and show the ‘strike’ structures in the form of elongated strips of ‘hotter’ and ‘cooler’ liquid. The present observations are the first steps to better understanding and quantitative predictions of liquid wall flows in the CLiFF design.

日本語訳

要約乱流開水路水流の実験的研究が行われ、これはAdvanced Power Extraction(APEX)研究の一部である対流液体流動第一壁(CLiFF)概念における溶融塩の流動の基本的特徴を模擬するものである。開水路流れの他の多くの研究とは異なり、本研究は射流領域に焦点を当てており、そこでは表面波立ちと波–乱流相互作用がCLiFF流れにおける熱伝達率を決定する最も重要なプロセスである。本研究は、シュート傾斜角を30°に固定し、レイノルズ数とフルード数の範囲をそれぞれ1×10⁴–6×10⁴および150–250として対象としている。波立つ界面の統計的特性は超音波トランスデューサを用いて取得された。振動する流れ厚さのスペクトル解析により、スペクトルの主要部分が長い有限振幅波(f=10–50 Hz)によって占められており、これらが体積流量の有意な部分を担っていることが示された。色素技術による観察に基づくと、短波は主に液体を表面で混合する役割を担っている。表面波立ちは、平均流れ厚さhとその標準偏差(S.D.)σを用いて0.5σ/hとして構築されるパラメータによって特徴付けることができ、これは全実験においてほぼ一定の0.1である。平均流れ厚さの変動は乱流の「K–ε」モデル[Int. J. Eng. Sci. 40/6 (2002) 693]によって良好に予測されるが、変動は解決されない。赤外線(IR)カメラによって測定された自由表面の熱画像は非常に不均一であり、「より高温」および「より低温」の液体の細長い帯状の「ストライク」構造を示す。本研究の観察結果は、CLiFF設計における液体壁流れのより良い理解と定量的予測への第一歩である。

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