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Experimental study of the characteristics of energetic electrons outside LCFS in EXL-50 spherical torus

Dong Guo, Yuejiang Shi, Wenjun Liu, Yunyang Song, Tiantian Sun, Bing Liu, Yingying Li, Xiaorang Tian, Guosong Zhang, Huasheng Xie2022年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Significant number of confined energetic electrons have been observed outside of the LCFS (last-closed flux surface) of EXL-50's solenoid-free electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) sustained plasmas. Several measurement technologies have been applied to verify the key characteristics of energetic electrons for the first time. Experiments reveal that the presence of high-temperature, low-density electrons can carry relatively large quantities of the stored energy. The boundary between the thermal plasma and the energetic fluid is clearly separated and the distance between the two boundaries can reach tens of centimeters (around the size of the minor radius of the thermal plasma). This implies that the Grad-Shafranov equilibrium is not adequate to describe the equilibrium of EXL-50 plasma and a multi-fluid model is required. Particle simulations of full orbits show that energetic electrons can be well confined outside the LCFS. This is consistent with the experimental observations.

日本語訳

閉じ込められた多数の高エネルギー電子が、EXL-50のソレノイドレス電子サイクロトロン共鳴加熱(ECRH)維持プラズマの最終閉鎖磁気面(LCFS)外側で観測された。高エネルギー電子の主要な特性を検証するために、複数の計測技術が初めて適用された。実験により、高温・低密度の電子が比較的大きな蓄積エネルギーを担いうることが明らかになった。熱プラズマと高エネルギー流体の境界は明確に分離されており、その境界間の距離は数センチメートル(熱プラズマの小半径程度)に達しうる。このことは、Grad-Shafranov平衡がEXL-50プラズマの平衡を記述するには不十分であり、多流体モデルが必要であることを示唆している。高エネルギー電子の完全軌道シミュレーションにより、高エネルギー電子がLCFS外側でも良好に閉じ込められうることが示された。これは実験観測と一致する。

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