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Diffusion of charged particles in turbulent magnetoplasmas

J H Misguich, R Balescu, H L Pecsell, T Mikkelsen, S E Larsen, Q Xiaoming1987年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Diffusion of charged particles in a turbulent, strongly magnetized plasma is considered. The analysis deals with two-dimensional electrostatic fluctuations in the plane perpendicular to an externally imposed homogeneous magnetic field. In the analysis particles are transported in this plane by the gyrocenter drift motion. A nonlinear description is given for absolute diffusion, which yields a Bohm scaling in the case of frozen turbulence or for large amplitudes of electrostatic fluctuations. Particular attention is given to the description of relative diffusion of two charged particles. This process is described by a generalization of nonlinear Brownian motion, including a first stage of very slow initial relative diffusion, followed by a stage of rapid separation, until a final stage is reached where the particles become uncorrelated and classical Brownian-like diffusion is reached asymptotically. The stage of exponential growth (which has been measured in fluid turbulence) corresponds to the 'clump effect' in plasmas: it is a consequence of nonvanishing statistical correlations between particle trajectories. For a drift-wave turbulent spectrum the authors obtained an analytical expression for the Lyapunov exponent for the exponential particle separation, a typical feature of chaotic phenomena. The analysis applies to rather general power-spectra for the turbulent electric field fluctuations.

日本語訳

強磁化プラズマにおける乱流中の荷電粒子の拡散を考察する。この解析は、外部から印加された一様磁場に垂直な平面内の二次元静電揺らぎを扱う。解析では、粒子はジャイロ中心ドリフト運動によってこの平面内を輸送される。絶対拡散に対する非線形記述が与えられ、これは凍結乱流または大きな振幅の静電揺らぎの場合にボームスケーリングをもたらす。特に、2つの荷電粒子の相対拡散の記述に注目する。この過程は非線形ブラウン運動の一般化として記述され、非常に遅い初期相対拡散の第一段階、続いて急速な分離の段階、そして最終段階に達して粒子が無相関となり、古典的なブラウン的拡散が漸近的に達成される。指数関数的成長の段階(流体乱流で測定されている)は、プラズマにおける「クランプ効果」に対応する。これは粒子軌道間の非ゼロの統計的相関の結果である。ドリフト波乱流スペクトルに対して、著者らはカオス現象の典型的特徴である指数関数的粒子分離に対するリアプノフ指数の解析的表現を得た。この解析は、乱流電場揺らぎのかなり一般的なパワースペクトルに適用可能である。

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