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Numerical study of ubiquitous modes in tokamak plasmas in the presence of impurities

Yong Shen, Jiaqi Dong, Xiaodong Peng, Jia Li, Mingkun Han2020年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

As an important branch of trapped electron modes (TEMs), the ubiquitous mode (UM) is a favored subject for the investigation of anomalous energy losses in magnetic fusion plasmas. In this paper, the numerical study of UMs was carried out in tokamak plasmas in the presence of impurities. The physical model and the gyrokinetic equations for TEM (and UM) instability is introduced, including the impurity effect. The numerical results show that impurity species impose significant impacts on the UM instability in many ways, one of which is that impurity effect on UMs is generally stabilizing, and on the whole the stabilizing effect is most pronounced for the case of −0.8 ≲ Lez < 0 ( with ). As the impurity charge concentration increases, or for the heavier or lower-ionized impurity ions, the UM instability is weaker. Compared to the ion and electron temperature gradient effects, impurity temperature gradient (expressed by ) has only a minor effect, while the ratio of electron to impurity temperature has a relatively larger effect on UMs, embodied in the mode linear growth rates and instability windows. The investigation of wavenumber threshold for UM showed that the mode was a fluid-like instability when and the presence of impurity resulted in the modification of the UM instability window. By surveying the parametric dependences of UMs in the presence of impurities, it is revealed that comparatively, the stabilizing effects of impurity is more pronounced in the regime of larger wavenumber, while the weakening effects of (i) decreasing the fraction of trapped electrons, (ii) increasing the magnetic shear, or (iii) decreasing the electron density gradient on UM instability are relatively more pronounced in the regime of smaller wavenumber. It also indicates that the stabilizing effect of impurity on UMs is owing to the non-resonant mechanism of the UM.

日本語訳

捕捉された電子モード(TEM)の重要な一分岐として、ユビキタスモード(UM)は磁場閉じ込め核融合プラズマにおける異常エネルギー損失の研究において好まれる対象である。本論文では、不純物が存在するトカマクプラズマにおけるUMの数値的研究を行った。不純物効果を含むTEM(およびUM)不安定性のための物理モデルとジャイロ運動論方程式を紹介する。数値結果は、不純物種がUM不安定性に多くの点で有意な影響を及ぼすことを示しており、その一つとして、不純物効果はUMに対して一般に安定化作用を持ち、全体としてその安定化効果は−0.8 ≲ Lez < 0( を伴う)の場合に最も顕著であることが挙げられる。不純物電荷濃度が増加するか、より重いまたはより低電離の不純物イオンの場合、UM不安定性は弱まる。イオンおよび電子温度勾配と比較して、不純物温度勾配( で表される)の効果は小さい一方、電子と不純物の温度比 はUMに対して比較的大きな影響を及ぼし、これはモードの線形成長率と不安定性窓に現れる。UMの波数閾値の調査により、 のときモードは流体様不安定性であり、不純物の存在はUM不安定性窓の修正をもたらすことが示された。不純物存在下でのUMのパラメータ依存性を系統的に調査した結果、不純物の安定化効果はより大きな波数の領域でより顕著である一方、(i)捕捉電子割合の減少、(ii)磁気シアの増加、または(iii)電子密度勾配の減少によるUM不安定性の弱化効果は、より小さな波数の領域で比較的顕著であることが明らかになった。また、不純物によるUMの安定化効果は、UMの非共鳴機構に起因することも示されている。

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