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Extended instability of kinetic ballooning modes induced by ion temperature gradient and impurity in tokamaks

Yong Shen, J.Q. Dong, X.D. Peng, M.K. Han, H.D. He, J.Q. Li2022年被引用 4Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Kinetic ballooning mode (KBM) instability in tokamak plasmas is studied with gyrokinetic theory. It extends and improves on the theory of higher order KBM which is not subject to second stabilization (Hirose et al 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett.72 3993). It is verified that increasing ion temperature gradient (ηi) significantly enhances the instability of KBMs, and causes extended instability in the second MHD stable regime. Especially when ηi  ≳  1, the mode is unstable almost in the whole β space from an experimental point of view, here β is the ratio of kinetic pressure to magnetic pressure. It is found that for the case with a relatively low safety factor (1 ≲ q ≲ 2) and ηi ≈ 0, which is generally in the central regions of a tokamak plasma, the KBM instability can also be extended to the region of β or α far beyond the second MHD stability boundary due only to impurity effect, here α = −Rq2(dβ/dr). It has characteristics similar to the extended instability induced by ηi, while its instability window is narrower than the latter. From the observations, the unstable window of extended instability is finite. As the safety factor q and magnetic shear (≡ r dq/q dr) increases, the 'theoretical' critical β of the second stable regime decreases and the α threshold increases. When the impurity effect is combined with the ηi effect, the unstable window of the extended instability induced by ηi can be greatly reduced by the former. In some cases, for instance as ηi  ≳  1 and q is larger, and in the presence of impurity with mediate mass number, the impurity effect can even make the second stable regime of 'experimental significance' re-appear in KBMs. The influence of ηi and impurity effects on broadening mode structure of KBMs are smaller than q and . The stability boundary based on plane confirms the above results.

日本語訳

トカマクプラズマにおける運動論的バルーニングモード(KBM)不安定性をジャイロ運動論的理論を用いて研究する。これは、第二安定化を受けない高次KBMの理論を拡張し、改良するものである(Hirose et al 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett.72 3993)。イオン温度勾配(ηi)の増加がKBMの不安定性を著しく強化し、第二MHD安定領域における不安定性の拡張を引き起こすことが検証される。特にηi ≳ 1の場合、実験的な観点からモードはほぼ全β空間で不安定である。ここでβは運動圧と磁気圧の比である。比較的低い安全係数(1 ≲ q ≲ 2)とηi ≈ 0の場合、これは一般にトカマクプラズマの中心領域にあり、不純物効果のみによってKBM不安定性が第二MHD安定境界をはるかに超えるβまたはαの領域に拡張され得ることが見出される。ここでα = −Rq2(dβ/dr)である。これはηiによって誘起される拡張不安定性と類似した特性を持つが、その不安定窓は後者よりも狭い。観測から、拡張不安定性の不安定窓は有限である。安全係数qと磁気シア(≡ r dq/q dr)が増加するにつれて、第二安定領域の「理論的」臨界βは減少し、α閾値は増加する。不純物効果がηi効果と組み合わされると、ηiによって誘起される拡張不安定性の不安定窓は前者によって大幅に減少し得る。いくつかの場合、例えばηi ≳ 1でqが大きい場合、および中間質量数の不純物が存在する場合、不純物効果はKBMにおいて「実験的に有意な」第二安定領域を再出現させることができる。KBMのモード構造の広がりに対するηiと不純物効果の影響は、qと よりも小さい。平面に基づく安定境界は上記の結果を確認する。

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