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Low n electromagnetic modes in spherical tokamaks

J Chowdhury, B F McMillan2021年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The performance of spherical tokamak reactors depends on plasma β, and an upper limit is set by long-wavelength kinetic ballooning modes (KBMs). We examine how these modes become unstable in spherical-tokamak reactor relevant plasmas, which may contain significant fast-ion pressure. In a series of numerically generated equilibria of increasing β, the KBM becomes unstable at sufficiently high plasma β, and for such cases, it is also significantly unstable even in the long-wavelength limit. The β threshold for the KBMs is similar to the ideal Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) threshold, and in cases without fast ions, their frequencies are as predicted by diamagnetic-drift stabilised MHD. To isolate and explore the KBMs, simulations are performed where the pressure gradient is entirely due to the density profile, or entirely due to the temperature profile; the resulting KBMs have similar properties in the long-wavelength regime. The introduction of energetic ions restricts the KBMs to longer wavelengths, and reduces the β threshold somewhat; for parameter regimes of current-day devices, this is such long wavelength that a global analysis would become necessary. Mode frequencies in plasmas with a significant fast particle population are seen to be controlled by fast particle precession frequencies.

日本語訳

球状トカマク炉の性能はプラズマβに依存し、その上限は長波長運動論的バルーニングモード(KBM)によって設定される。我々は、これらのモードが球状トカマク炉関連プラズマにおいてどのように不安定化するかを調べる。このプラズマには有意な高速イオン圧力が含まれ得る。βが増加する一連の数値生成平衡において、KBMは十分に高いプラズマβで不安定となり、そのような場合、長波長極限でも有意に不安定である。KBMのβ閾値は理想磁気流体力学(MHD)の閾値と類似しており、高速イオンを含まない場合、その周波数は反磁性ドリフト安定化MHDによって予測される通りである。KBMを単離して調べるために、圧力勾配が完全に密度分布に起因する場合、または完全に温度分布に起因する場合のシミュレーションを実施する;得られたKBMは長波長領域において類似した特性を示す。高速イオンの導入はKBMをより長波長に制限し、β閾値をいくらか低下させる;現在の装置のパラメータ領域では、このような長波長のために大域的解析が必要となる。有意な高速粒子集団を有するプラズマにおけるモード周波数は、高速粒子の歳差運動周波数によって支配されることが見出される。

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