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Surface stability and H adsorption and diffusion near surfaces of W borides: a first-principles study

L. Yang, B.D. Wirth2023年被引用 1Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Understanding the behavior of tungsten boride (WxBy) surfaces in a fusion reactor environment is an important topic since boronization is a common wall conditioning method used in fusion Tokamaks. We report the results of density functional theory calculations that investigate the surface stability of WxBy (tetragonal I41/amd-WB, hexagonal P63/mmc-WB2 and tetragonal I4/m-W2B) with low-index orientations, as well as hydrogen (H) energetics near WxBy surfaces. For single element terminated WxBy surfaces, B terminated surfaces are more energetically stable than W terminated as a result of significant reconstruction of B. The H surface adsorption energy and activation energy of H diffusion penetration below WxBy surfaces are mainly related to the outer termination. Specifically, the WB(001) surface terminated with two B layers, referred to as WB(001)-TBB, has higher H adsorption affinity and lower H diffusivity on this surface than other terminations, which is controlled by the significant charge transfer from B to H. However, B atoms on the WB2(0001)-TBB surface decrease both H adsorption and diffusivity on the surface, but enhance H diffusion below the surface in comparison to W terminated WB2(0001) surface. H would be trapped and diffuse within atomic surface gaps on the WB2() surface, while H below the surface layer would jump along the [0001] direction rather than diffuse into bulk. The surface diffusion activation energy of H on the W2B(001) surface slightly varies with terminations. Once H crosses the surface layer of W2B(001) with either termination, it prefers to diffuse into the bulk, or back towards the surface, rather than move parallel to the surface. Interestingly, WB2(0001) and WB2() surfaces will have relatively higher H retention than the other WxBy surfaces evaluated in this work.

日本語訳

タングステンボライド(WxBy)表面の核融合炉環境における挙動を理解することは、ボロナイゼーションが核融合トカマクで使用される一般的な壁調整方法であるため、重要なテーマである。我々は、低指数方位を持つWxBy(正方晶I41/amd-WB、六方晶P63/mmc-WB2、正方晶I4/m-W2B)の表面安定性と、WxBy表面近傍の水素(H)エネルギー論を調査する密度汎関数理論計算の結果を報告する。単一元素終端のWxBy表面では、Bの顕著な再構成の結果として、B終端表面はW終端表面よりもエネルギー的に安定である。Hの表面吸着エネルギーおよびWxBy表面下方へのH拡散侵入の活性化エネルギーは、主に最外終端に関連する。具体的には、2つのB層で終端されたWB(001)表面、すなわちWB(001)-TBBと呼ばれる表面は、他の終端よりも高いH吸着親和性と低いH拡散性をこの表面上で持ち、これはBからHへの顕著な電荷移動によって制御される。しかし、WB2(0001)-TBB表面のB原子は、W終端WB2(0001)表面と比較して、表面上のH吸着と拡散性の両方を減少させるが、表面下方へのH拡散を促進する。Hは、WB2()表面上の原子表面ギャップ内で捕獲され拡散する一方、表面層下方のHは、バルク内へ拡散するのではなく[0001]方向にジャンプする。W2B(001)表面上のHの表面拡散活性化エネルギーは、終端によってわずかに変化する。Hがどちらの終端を持つW2B(001)の表面層を横切ると、表面に平行に移動するのではなく、バルク内へ拡散するか、または表面へ向かって戻ることを好む。興味深いことに、WB2(0001)およびWB2()表面は、この研究で評価された他のWxBy表面よりも比較的高いH保持能を有する。

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