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Thermal hydraulic characteristics during ingress of coolant and loss of vacuum events in fusion reactors

K. Takase, T. Kunugi, Y. Seki, H. Akimoto2000年被引用 10Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The thermal hydraulic characteristics in the vacuum vessel (VV) of a fusion reactor under an ingress of coolant event (ICE) and a loss of vacuum event (LOVA) were investigated quantitatively using preliminary experimental apparatuses. In the ICE experiments, pressure rise characteristics in the VV were clarified for experimental parameters of the wall temperature and water temperature and for cases with and without a blowdown tank. In addition, the functional performance of a blowdown tank with and without a water cooling system was examined and it was confirmed that the blowdown tank with a water cooling system is effective for suppressing the pressure rise during the ICE.In the LOVA experiments, the saturation time in the VV from vacuum to atmosphere was investigated for various breach sizes and it was found that the saturation time is in inverse proportion to the breach size. In addition, the characteristics of exchange flow through breaches were clarified for the different breach positions on the VV. It was proven from the experimental results that the exchange flow became a counter-current flow when the breach was positioned on the top of the VV and a stratified flow when it was formed on the side wall of the VV, and that the exchange flowunder the stratified flow condition was smoother than that of counter-current flow. On the basis of these results, the severest breach condition in ITER was changed from the top-break case to the side-break case.To predict with high accuracy the thermal hydraulic characteristics during ICEs and LOVAs under ITER conditions, a large scale test facility will be necessary. The current conceptual design of the combined ICE-LOVA test facility with a scaling factor of 1/1000 in comparison with the ITER volume is presented.

日本語訳

核融合炉の真空容器(VV)における冷却材流入事象(ICE)および真空喪失事象(LOVA)時の熱流動特性を、予備的な実験装置を用いて定量的に調査した。ICE実験では、実験パラメータとして壁温および水温を変化させ、ブローダウンタンクの有無による真空容器内の圧力上昇特性を明らかにした。さらに、水冷システムの有無によるブローダウンタンクの機能性能を検証し、水冷システムを備えたブローダウンタンクがICE時の圧力上昇抑制に有効であることを確認した。LOVA実験では、種々の破口サイズについて真空容器内が真空状態から大気圧に達するまでの飽和時間を調査し、飽和時間が破口サイズに反比例することを見出した。また、真空容器上の異なる破口位置における交換流の特性を解明し、破口が真空容器上部に位置する場合は対向流が、側壁に位置する場合は成層流が生じることを実証した。さらに、成層流条件下の交換流は対向流条件下よりもスムーズであることが判明した。これらの実験結果に基づき、ITERにおける最も厳しい破口条件は上部破口ケースから側壁破口ケースに変更された。ITER条件下でのICEおよびLOVA時の熱流動特性を高精度で予測するためには、大型試験施設が必要であり、ITER容積に対して1/1000のスケールファクタを有する複合ICE-LOVA試験施設の現行概念設計が提示されている。

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