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3D transient CFD simulation of an in-vessel loss-of-coolant accident in the EU DEMO fusion reactor

Andrea Zappatore, Antonio Froio, Gandolfo Alessandro Spagnuolo, Roberto Zanino2020年被引用 11Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Accidental transients in fusion reactors, such as the in-vessel loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) considered here, are generally analyzed using system-level codes. However, because of their lumped nature, such tools cannot predict local pressure and temperature values, which are instead of interest to assess the integrity of the vacuum vessel (VV) structures. It is then fundamental to prove that the system-level tools' predictions are at least conservative. In this work, we analyze the helium flow inside the VV following a LOCA in the helium-cooled blanket of the EU DEMO, using a 3D transient computational fluid-dynamics (CFD) model implemented in the commercial STAR-CCM+ code. In view of the large pressure ratio, a hypersonic flow regime (Ma > 5) develops, with the formation of shock fronts requiring a high time and space resolution. The model is applied to compute the evolution of the pressure distribution inside the VV and then to compare it with the information provided by the system-level GETTHEM model. The predictions by the two models of the intervention time of the VV pressure suppression system are compared, showing that the 0D model is conservative.

日本語訳

核融合炉における偶発的過渡事象、例えばここで検討する真空容器内冷却材喪失事故(LOCA)は、一般にシステムレベルコードを用いて解析される。しかしながら、その集中定数的性質のため、そのようなツールは局所的な圧力および温度値を予測することができず、それらの値はむしろ真空容器(VV)構造の健全性を評価する上で重要である。したがって、システムレベルツールの予測が少なくとも保守的であることを証明することが不可欠である。本研究では、EU DEMOのヘリウム冷却ブランケットにおけるLOCA後のVV内部のヘリウム流れを、商用STAR-CCM+コードに実装された3次元過渡計算流体力学(CFD)モデルを用いて解析する。大きな圧力比を考慮すると、マッハ数5を超える極超音速流れ領域が発達し、衝撃波面の形成には高い時間・空間分解能が必要となる。本モデルは、VV内部の圧力分布の時間発展を計算し、それをシステムレベルGETTHEMモデルによって提供される情報と比較するために適用される。両モデルによるVV圧力抑制系の作動時間の予測を比較し、0次元モデルが保守的であることを示す。

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DEMOIn-vessel componentsLoss-of-coolant accidentComputational fluid dynamics
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