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Transport inferred from consideration of particle orbits in drift turbulence

P M Bellan1993年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Particle orbits in the 2D potential hills/valley ('blobs') of low-frequency drift turbulence are analysed. For most of a given blob's lifetime a particle initially on the blob circulates on an orbit locked to that blob even though the blob shape and amplitude are changing. This locking corresponds to an adiabatic invariant being preserved. However, when the blob amplitude decreases to a critical value, the adiabatic invariant is destroyed, the locking ceases, and the particle detaches from the dying blob and attaches to a newly forming blob. This gives a detailed physical picture of the well known gyro-Bohm transport scaling D approximately gamma /k2 where gamma is the turbulence autocorrelation time (corresponding to blob lifetime) and k is the perpendicular wavenumber (corresponding to blob diameter). It is further shown that gyro-Bohm transport is consistent with global measurements in a wide variety of experiments, in addition to the large tokamaks to which it has traditionally been applied. Finally, it is shown that ion orbit behavior becomes qualitatively different if the blobs become sufficiently sharp and steep.

日本語訳

2次元ポテンシャルの丘/谷(「ブロブ」)における低周波ドリフト乱流中の粒子軌道を解析する。与えられたブロブの寿命の大部分において、初期にブロブ上にあった粒子は、ブロブの形状と振幅が変化しているにもかかわらず、そのブロブに固定された軌道を循環する。この固定は断熱不変量が保存されることに対応する。しかし、ブロブの振幅が臨界値まで減少すると、断熱不変量は破壊され、固定は終了し、粒子は消滅しつつあるブロブから離脱して、新たに形成されるブロブに付着する。これにより、よく知られたジャイロボーム輸送スケーリング D ≈ γ/k²(ここでγは乱流自己相関時間(ブロブの寿命に対応)、kは垂直波数(ブロブの直径に対応))の詳細な物理的描像が得られる。さらに、ジャイロボーム輸送は、従来適用されてきた大型トカマクに加えて、多種多様な実験における全体測定と整合することが示される。最後に、ブロブが十分に鋭く急峻になると、イオン軌道の挙動が質的に異なるものになることが示される。

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