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Generation of net electric power with a tokamak reactor under foreseeable physical and engineering conditions

R. Hiwatari, Y. Asaoka, K. Okano, T. Yoshida, K. Tomabechi2004年被引用 12Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

This study reveals for the first time the plasma performance required for a tokamak reactor to generate net electric power under foreseeable engineering conditions. It was found that the reference plasma performance of the ITER inductive operation mode with βN = 1.8, HH = 1.0, and fnGW = 0.85 had sufficient potential to achieve the electric break-even condition (net electric power ) under the following engineering conditions: machine major radius 6.5 m ⩽ Rp ⩽ 8.5 m, the maximum magnetic field on TF coils Btmax = 16 T, thermal efficiency ηe = 30%, and NBI system efficiency ηNBI = 50%. The key parameters used in demonstrating net electric power generation in tokamak reactors are βN and fnGW. βN ⩾ 3.0 is required for with fusion power Pf ∼ 3000 MW. On the other hand, fnGW ⩾ 1.0 is inevitable to demonstrate net electric power generation, if high temperatures, such as average temperatures of Tave > 16 keV, cannot be selected for the reactor design. To apply these results to the design of a tokamak reactor for demonstrating net electric power generation, the plasma performance diagrams on the Q vs Pf (energy multiplication factor vs fusion power) space for several major radii (i.e. 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 m) were depicted. From these figures, we see that a design with a major radius Rp ∼ 7.5 m seems preferable for demonstrating net electric power generation when one aims at early realization of fusion energy.

日本語訳

本研究は、トカマク炉が実現可能な工学的条件下で正味発電出力を達成するために必要なプラズマ性能を初めて明らかにしたものである。βN = 1.8、HH = 1.0、fnGW = 0.85を有するITER誘導運転モードの基準プラズマ性能が、以下の工学的条件下で電気的臨界条件(正味発電出力)を達成するのに十分な潜在性を有することが見出された:装置主半径 6.5 m ≤ Rp ≤ 8.5 m、TFコイル最大磁場 Btmax = 16 T、熱効率 ηe = 30%、NBIシステム効率 ηNBI = 50%。トカマク炉における正味発電出力の実証に用いる主要パラメータはβNとfnGWである。核融合出力 Pf ∼ 3000 MW にはβN ≥ 3.0が必要である。一方、平均温度 Tave > 16 keV のような高温を炉設計に選択できない場合、正味発電出力の実証には fnGW ≥ 1.0が不可欠である。これらの結果を正味発電出力実証用トカマク炉の設計に適用するため、複数の主半径(すなわち6.5、7.5、8.5 m)に対するQ vs Pf(エネルギー増倍率 vs 核融合出力)平面上のプラズマ性能図を作成した。これらの図から、核融合エネルギーの早期実現を目指す場合、主半径 Rp ∼ 7.5 mの設計が正味発電出力の実証に適していると考えられる。

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