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Novel radiation-resistant insulation systems for fusion magnets

P.E Fabian, J.A Rice, N.A Munshi, K Humer, H.W Weber2002年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractLarge, capital-intensive, superconducting or resistive magnets are essential components of most current and planned fusion devices. Magnets for these applications must be reliable, have a long mean-time-between-failure, and be able to be manufactured using cost-effective materials and fabrication processes. Electrical insulation is often the weak link in magnet design, due to insulation sensitivity to high radiation doses, embrittlement at cryogenic temperatures, and fabrication limitations. Improvements in electrical insulation can contribute to enhanced magnet system performance and achieve considerable cost reduction. For example, an insulator with improved radiation resistance would require less shielding, thus enabling the coil to be located closer to the radiation source, resulting in a lower field requirement for the coil, and thus reducing the conductor and structural needs for the magnet systems. In this manner, improvements in magnet insulator performance and processing can have a cascading effect on overall magnet system cost reductions. Composite Technology Development, Inc. has developed two new classes of insulation materials, an organic insulation system based on cyanate ester chemistry, and a ceramic insulation system that can be co-processed with the magnet. Both types of systems are suitable for the high radiation doses anticipated in Next-Step Option devices and future fusion reactors. This paper will describe the different material systems under current development, mechanical and electrical properties at cryogenic temperatures, and results of radiation exposure tests for these materials.

日本語訳

大型で資本集約的な超伝導磁石または抵抗磁石は、現在および計画中のほとんどの核融合装置にとって不可欠な構成要素である。これらの用途における磁石は、信頼性が高く、平均故障間隔が長く、費用対効果の高い材料と製造プロセスを用いて製造可能でなければならない。電気絶縁は、高い放射線量に対する感受性、極低温での脆化、および製造上の制約により、磁石設計においてしばしば弱点となる。電気絶縁の改善は、磁石システムの性能向上に寄与し、大幅なコスト削減をもたらす可能性がある。例えば、耐放射線性が向上した絶縁体は、遮蔽の必要性を低減し、コイルを放射線源のより近くに配置することを可能にする。これにより、コイルに必要な磁場強度が低下し、磁石システムに必要な導体および構造材料が削減される。このようにして、磁石絶縁体の性能と加工性の改善は、磁石システム全体のコスト削減に連鎖的な効果をもたらすことができる。Composite Technology Development, Inc. は、シアン酸エステル化学に基づく有機絶縁システムと、磁石と同時加工可能なセラミック絶縁システムという、2つの新しいクラスの絶縁材料を開発した。どちらのタイプのシステムも、次世代装置および将来の核融合炉で予想される高い放射線量に適している。本論文では、現在開発中の異なる材料システム、極低温での機械的および電気的特性、ならびにこれらの材料の放射線曝露試験結果について述べる。

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