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Oxidation performance of VCrTi alloys

K. Natesan, M. Uz2000年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractVanadium-base alloys are being considered as candidates for the first wall in advanced V–Li blanket concepts in fusion reactor systems. However, a primary deterrent to the use of these alloys at elevated temperatures is their relatively high affinity for interstitial impurities, i.e. O, N, H, and C. We conducted a systematic study to determine the effects of time, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in the exposure environment on O uptake, scaling kinetics, and scale microstructure in V-(4–5) wt.% Cr-(4–5) wt.% Ti alloys. Oxidation experiments were conducted on the alloys at pO2 in the range of 5×10−6–760 torr (6.6×10−4–1×105 Pa) at several temperatures in the range of 350–700°C. Models that describe the oxidation kinetics, oxide type and thickness, alloy grain size, and depth of O diffusion in the substrate of the two alloys were determined and compared. Weight change data were correlated with time by a parabolic relationship. The parabolic rate constant was calculated for various exposure conditions and the temperature dependence of the constant was described by an Arrhenius relationship. The results showed that the activation energy for the oxidation process is fairly constant at pO2 levels in the range of 5×10−6–0.1 torr. The activation energy calculated from data obtained in the air tests was significantly lower, whereas that obtained in pure-O tests (at 760 torr) was substantially higher than the energy obtained under low-pO2 conditions. The oxide VO2 was the predominant phase that formed in both alloys when exposed to pO2 levels of 6.6×10−4 to 0.1 torr. V2O5 was the primary phase in specimens exposed to air and to pure O2 at 760 torr. The implications of the increased O concentration are increased strength and decreased ductility of the alloy. However, the strength of the alloy was not a strong function of the O concentration of the alloy, but an increase in O concentration did cause a substantial decrease in ductility.

日本語訳

バナジウム基合金は、核融合炉システムにおける先進Vブランケット概念の第一壁の候補材料として検討されている。しかし、高温でのこれらの合金の使用に対する主な障害は、O、N、H、Cなどの侵入型不純物に対する比較的高い親和性である。我々は、V-(4〜5)wt%Cr-(4〜5)wt%Ti合金における、曝露環境中の時間、温度、および酸素分圧(pO2)が、Oの取り込み、スケーリング速度論、およびスケール微細構造に及ぼす影響を決定するための系統的研究を実施した。酸化実験は、350〜700°Cの範囲の数温度で、5×10⁻⁶〜760トル(6.6×10⁻⁴〜1×10⁵Pa)の範囲のpO2で合金に対して実施した。2つの合金の酸化速度論、酸化物の種類と厚さ、結晶粒サイズ、および基板中のO拡散深さを記述するモデルを決定し、比較した。重量変化データは放物線則と相関付けられた。放物線速度定数を様々な曝露条件について計算し、その温度依存性をアレニウス式で記述した。結果は、酸化プロセスの活性化エネルギーが、5×10⁻⁶〜0.1トルの範囲のpO2レベルでほぼ一定であることを示した。大気試験で得られたデータから計算された活性化エネルギーは有意に低く、一方、純酸素試験(760トル)で得られたものは、低pO2条件下で得られたエネルギーよりも大幅に高かった。酸化物VO₂は、6.6×10⁻⁴〜0.1トルのpO2レベルに曝露された両合金で形成される主要相であった。V₂O₅は、760トルの大気および純酸素に曝露された試験片の主要相であった。O濃度の増加の影響は、合金の強度の増加と延性の低下であった。しかし、合金の強度は合金のO濃度の強い関数ではなかったが、O濃度の増加は延性の大幅な低下を引き起こした。

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