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The solar corona as an active medium for magnetoacoustic waves

D Y Kolotkov, D I Zavershinskii, V M Nakariakov2021年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The presence and interplay of continuous cooling and heating processes maintaining the corona of the Sun at the observed one million K temperature were recently understood to have crucial effects on the dynamics and stability of magnetoacoustic (MA) waves. These essentially compressive waves perturb the coronal thermal equilibrium, leading to the phenomenon of a wave-induced thermal misbalance (TM). Representing an additional natural mechanism for the exchange of energy between the plasma and the wave, TM makes the corona an active medium for MA waves, so that the wave can not only lose but also gain energy from the coronal heating source (similarly to burning gases, lasers and masers). We review recent achievements in this newly emerging research field, focussing on the effects that slow-mode MA waves experience as a back-reaction of this perturbed coronal thermal equilibrium. The new effects include enhanced frequency-dependent damping or amplification of slow waves, and effective, not associated with the coronal plasma non-uniformity, dispersion. We also discuss the possibility to probe the unknown coronal heating function by observations of slow waves and linear theory of thermal instabilities. The manifold of the new properties that slow waves acquire from a thermodynamically active nature of the solar corona indicate a clear need for accounting for the effects of combined coronal heating/cooling processes not only for traditional problems of the formation and evolution of prominences and coronal rain, but also for an adequate modelling and interpretation of magnetohydrodynamic waves.

日本語訳

太陽コロナを観測される100万Kの温度に維持する連続的な冷却・加熱過程の存在とその相互作用は、最近、磁気音響(MA)波の力学と安定性に決定的な影響を及ぼすことが明らかになった。本質的に圧縮性を持つこれらの波は、コロナの熱平衡を摂動させ、波誘起熱不均衡(TM)という現象を引き起こす。プラズマと波の間のエネルギー交換のための追加的な自然メカニズムを表すTMは、コロナをMA波にとっての活性媒質とし、その結果、波はコロナ加熱源からエネルギーを失うだけでなく獲得することもできる(燃焼ガス、レーザー、メーザーと同様)。本稿では、この摂動されたコロナ熱平衡の反作用として遅いモードのMA波が受ける効果に焦点を当て、この新興研究分野における最近の進展をレビューする。新しい効果には、増強された周波数依存の減衰または増幅、およびコロナプラズマの不均一性とは関連しない実効的な分散が含まれる。また、遅いモードの波の観測と線形熱不安定性理論を通じて、未知のコロナ加熱関数を探査する可能性についても議論する。遅いモードの波が熱力学的に活性な太陽コロナの性質から獲得する多様な特性は、プロミネンスの形成と進化、コロナレインといった伝統的な問題だけでなく、磁気流体力学波の適切なモデリングと解釈においても、複合的なコロナ加熱・冷却過程を考慮する明確な必要性を示している。

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