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MHD turbulence and the heating of astrophysical plasmas

Marco Velli2003年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence plays a major role in the dynamics and thermodynamics of astrophysical plasmas in many environments and over a wide range of scales and parameters: primary examples are the heating of stellar and accretion disk coronae, acceleration of stellar winds, and star formation in molecular clouds. In the case of the solar wind and corona in situ measurements and remote-sensing observations have given the most detailed experimental knowledge of the interplay between large-scale driving forces, the development of a turbulent cascade, and the collisionless kinetics of dissipation, than in any other natural magnetized plasma environment (with the possible exception of the earth's magnetosphere). The questions of coronal and solar wind acceleration will be reviewed here within the general context of MHD turbulence and nonlinear interactions, from the large-scale energy sources and driving to the dissipation scales dominated by wave–particle interactions, from the special role of Alfvén waves to the naturally intermittent nature of coronal energy release and solar flares.

日本語訳

電磁流体力学(MHD)乱流は、多くの環境および広範なスケールとパラメータにわたって、天体プラズマの力学と熱力学において主要な役割を果たしている。主な例としては、恒星および降着円盤コロナの加熱、恒星風の加速、分子雲における星形成が挙げられる。太陽風およびコロナの場合、その場測定とリモートセンシング観測により、大規模な駆動力と乱流カスケードの発達、および無衝突散逸の動力学との間の相互作用に関する最も詳細な実験的知識が得られている(地球磁気圏を唯一の可能な例外として)。コロナおよび太陽風の加熱と加速の問題は、ここではMHD乱流と非線形相互作用の一般的な文脈の中でレビューされる。すなわち、大規模なエネルギー源と駆動から、波動–粒子相互作用が支配する散逸スケールまで、またアルヴェーン波の特別な役割から、コロナのエネルギー解放と太陽フレアの自然に間欠的な性質までを対象とする。

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