Alpha particle classical transport in tokamaks

Alpha particle classical transport for both axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric cases is comprehensively considered. A two dimensional (one dimension for configuration space and one dimension for velocity space) time-dependent linear Fokker Planck equation is computed to evaluate the steady state alpha particle loss fraction and the heating efficiency. The calculation results show that: the effect of ripple on the global particle confinement time is more apparent than its effect on the heating efficiency; the ripple has little effect on the alpha particle heating profile; the larger the ripple amplitude is, the harder the lost alpha particle energy spectrum is