TAE Technologies' fifth-generation fusion device, C-2W (also called 'Norman'), is the world's largest compact-toroid device and has made significant progress in field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma performance. C-2W produces record breaking, macroscopically stable, high-temperature advanced beam-driven FRC plasmas, dominated by injected fast particles and sustained in steady state, which is primarily limited by neutral-beam (NB) pulse duration. The NB power supply system has recently been upgraded to extend the pulse length from 30 ms to 40 ms, which allows for a longer plasma lifetime and thus better characterization and further enhancement of FRC performance. An active plasma control system is routinely used in C-2W to produce consistent FRC performance as well as for reliable machine operations using magnet coils, edge-biasing electrodes, gas injection and tunable-energy NBs. Google's machine learning framework for experimental optimization has also been routinely used to enhance plasma performance. Dedicated plasma optimization experimental campaigns, particularly focused on the external magnetic field profile and NB injection (NBI) optimizations, have produced a superior FRC plasma performance; for instance, achieving a total plasma energy of ∼13 kJ, a trapped poloidal magnetic flux of ∼16 mWb (based on the rigid-rotor model) and plasma sustainment in steady state up to ∼40 ms. Furthermore, under some operating conditions, the electron temperature of FRC plasmas at a quiescent phase has successfully reached up to ∼1 keV at the peak inside the FRC separatrix for the first time. The overall FRC performance is well correlated with the NB and edge-biasing systems, where higher total plasma energy is obtained with higher NBI power and applied voltage on biasing electrodes. C-2W operations have now reached a mature level where the machine can produce hot, stable, long-lived, and repeatable plasmas in a well-controlled manner.
TAE Technologiesの第5世代核融合装置であるC-2W（別名「Norman」）は、世界最大のコンパクトトロイド装置であり、磁場反転配位（FRC）プラズマ性能において大きな進歩を遂げてきた。C-2Wは、入射された高速粒子が支配的で、定常状態で維持される、記録的で巨視的に安定した高温の先進的ビーム駆動FRCプラズマを生成するが、その定常状態での維持は主に中性粒子ビーム（NB）のパルス時間によって制限される。NB電源システムは最近、パルス時間を30 msから40 msに延長するようにアップグレードされ、これによりプラズマ寿命が長くなり、FRC性能のより良い特性評価とさらなる向上が可能になった。能動的プラズマ制御システムは、C-2Wにおいて、磁石コイル、端部バイアス電極、ガス入射、およびエネルギー調整可能なNBを使用して、一貫したFRC性能を生成し、また信頼性の高い装置運転のために定常的に使用されている。実験最適化のためのGoogleの機械学習フレームワークも、プラズマ性能を向上させるために定常的に使用されてきた。特に外部磁場分布とNB入射（NBI）の最適化に焦点を当てた専用のプラズマ最適化実験キャンペーンにより、優れたFRCプラズマ性能が得られた。例えば、総プラズマエネルギー∼13 kJ、捕捉ポロイダル磁束∼16 mWb（剛体回転モデルに基づく）、および定常状態