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Effects of CT injector acceleration electrode configuration on tokamak penetration

J. Yee, P.M. Bellan1998年被引用 21Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Through compact toroid (CT) injection experiments on the TEXT-U tokamak (with BT ≃ 10 kG and IP ≃ 100 kA), it has been shown that theacceleration electrode configuration, particularly in the vicinity of the toroidal field (TF) coils of the tokamak, has a strong effect on penetrationperformance. In initial experiments, premature stopping of CTs within theinjector was seen at anomalously low TF strengths. Two modifications werefound to greatly improve performance: (a) removal of a section of the innerelectrode and (b) increased diameter of the `drift tube' (which guides theCT into the tokamak after acceleration). It is proposed that the primary drag mechanism slowing CTs is toroidal flux trapping, which occurs when a CT displaces transverse TF trapped within the flux conserving walls of the acceleration electrodes (ordrift tube). For a simple two dimensional (2-D) geometry, a magnetostatic analysis produces a CT kinetic energy requirement of 1/2ρv2 ⩾ α(B02/2μ0), with α = 2/(1-a2/R2) adimensionless number that is dependent on the CT radius a normalized by the drift tube radius R. For a typical CT, this can greatly increase the required energies. A numerical analysis in 3-D confirms the analytical result for long CTs (with length L such that L/a ≳ 10). In addition to flux trapping, the CT shape is also shown to affect theenergy criterion. These findings indicate that a realistic assessment of the kinetic energyrequired for a CT to penetrate a particular tokamak TF must take intoaccount the interaction of the magnetic field with the electrode walls of the injector.

日本語訳

TEXT-Uトカマク(BT ≃ 10 kG、IP ≃ 100 kA)におけるコンパクトトロイド(CT)入射実験を通じて、加速電極形状、特にトカマクのトロイダル磁場(TF)コイル近傍の形状が、入射性能に大きな影響を与えることが示された。初期実験では、異常に低いTF強度においてCTが入射器内で早期に停止することが観察された。性能を大幅に改善した2つの修正点は、(a) 内部電極の一部除去、および (b) 加速後にCTをトカマク内へ導く「ドリフト管」の直径の増大であった。CTを減速させる主要なメカニズムはトロイダル磁束捕捉であり、これはCTが加速電極(またはドリフト管)の磁束保存壁内に捕捉された横断磁束を変位させるときに発生すると提案されている。単純な2次元(2-D)幾何学に対して、静磁気解析により、CTの運動エネルギー要件は 1/2ρv² ≧ α(B₀²/2μ₀) となり、ここで α = 2/(1-a²/R²) はCT半径aをドリフト管半径Rで正規化した無次元数である。典型的なCTの場合、これにより必要なエネルギーが大幅に増加し得る。3次元(3-D)数値解析は、長いCT(長さLがL/a ≧ 10を満たす)に対する解析結果を確認する。磁束捕捉に加えて、CTの形状もエネルギー基準に影響を与えることが示されている。これらの知見は、特定のトカマクTFをCTが貫通するために必要な運動エネルギーの現実的な評価には、入射器の電極壁と磁場の相互作用を考慮に入れなければならないことを示している。

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