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Feasibility studies on plasma vertical position control by ex-vessel coils in ITER-like tokamak fusion reactors

Satoshi Nishio, Masayoshi Sugihara, Yasuo Shimomura1993年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractFeasibility of the plasma vertical position control by control coils installed outside the vacuum vessel (ex-vessel) in a tokamak fusion reactor is examined for an ITER-like device. When a pair of ex-vessel control coils is made of normal conductor material and located near the outmost superconducting (SC) poloidal field (PF) coils, the applied voltage of several hundred volts on the control coils is the maximum allowable value which is limited by the maximum allowable induced voltage and eddy current heating on the SC PF coils, under the conditions that the SC PF coils are connected in series and a partitioning connection is employed for each of these PF coils. A proportional and derivative (PD) controller with and without voltage limitation has been employed to examine the feasibility. Indices of settling time and overshoot are introduced to measure the controllability of the control system. Based on these control schemes and indices, higher elongation (κ = 2) and moderate elongation (κ = 1.6) plasmas are examined for normal and deteriorated (low beta value and peaked current profile) plasma conditions within the restriction of applied voltage and current of control coils. The effect of the time constant of the passive stabilizer is also examined. The major results are: (1) a plasma with an elongation of 2.0 inevitably requires a passive stabilizer close to the plasma surface, (2) in case of a higher elongation than (κ = 2), even the ex-vessel control coil system is marginally controllable under normal plasma conditions, while it is difficult to control the deteriorated plasma conditions, (3) the time constant of the passive stabilizer is not an essential parameter for the controllability, (4) when the elongation is reduced down to 1.6, the ex-vessel control coil system can control the plasma even under deteriorated plasma conditions.

日本語訳

トカマク核融合炉において、真空容器外(ex-vessel)に設置された制御コイルによるプラズマ垂直位置制御の実現可能性を、ITER類似装置について検討した。一対の真空容器外制御コイルを常伝導材料で製作し、最外周の超伝導(SC)ポロイダル磁場(PF)コイルの近傍に配置した場合、SC PFコイルを直列接続し、各PFコイルに対して分割接続を採用する条件下では、制御コイルへの印加電圧は数百ボルトが最大許容値となり、これはSC PFコイルに誘起される最大許容電圧および渦電流加熱によって制限される。比例・微分(PD)制御器を、電圧制限の有無にかかわらず用いて実現可能性を検討した。整定時間とオーバーシュートの指標を導入し、制御系の制御性を評価した。これらの制御方式と指標に基づき、制御コイルの印加電圧と電流の制約の下で、高伸長(κ=2)および中程度の伸長(κ=1.6)のプラズマについて、正常時および劣化時(低ベータ値かつピーク電流分布)のプラズマ条件を検討した。また、受動安定化器の時定数の影響も調べた。主な結果は以下の通りである。(1) 伸長度κ=2.0のプラズマでは、プラズマ表面近傍に受動安定化器が不可欠である。(2) κ=2.0より高い伸長度の場合、真空容器外制御コイルシステムは正常なプラズマ条件下ではかろうじて制御可能であるが、劣化したプラズマ条件下では制御が困難である。(3) 受動安定化器の時定数は制御性にとって必須のパラメータではない。(4) 伸長度をκ=1.6まで低下させると、真空容器外制御コイルシステムは劣化したプラズマ条件下でもプラズマを制御できる。

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