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Anomalous transport in high-temperature plasmas with applications to solenoidal fusion systems

R.C. Davidson, N.A. Krall1977年被引用 213Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The linear, non-linear, and anomalous transport properties associated with various microinstabilities driven by cross-field currents in high-temperature plasmas are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on instabilities pertinent to the implosion and post-implosion phases of theta-pinch plasmas, e.g. Buneman (electron-ion two-stream), ion acoustic, lower-hybrid-drift, electromagnetic ion cyclotron, and ion-ion cross-field instabilities. Analytic studies of the non-linear and quasi-linear evolution of these instabilities are presented, together with a detailed comparison with computer simulation experiments to test the validity of the various theoretical models and non-linear saturation mechanisms. A general theoretical formalism is presented which describes, in a self-consistent manner, the macroscopic transport produced by the (shortwave-length) turbulence associated with the microinstabilities enumerated above. The experimental evidence that such a self-consistent anomalous transport model is required for describing the implosion behaviour (characterized by diffuse current sheaths) in rapidly pulsed theta pinches is reviewed, together with the early attempts at modelling these implosions numerically with a one-fluid (MHD) model including artificial viscosity. It is shown that fluid-numerical simulations that include (at each space and time step) the effects of anomalous transport in a fully self-consistent manner, explain several features of the experimental observations. The relevance of reflected ions to sheath structure and implosion dynamics is also discussed, and state-of-the-art hybrid-numerical studies (Vlasov ions and fluid electrons) of pinch implosions are presented, which include reflected ion dynamics as well as the anomalous transport associated with cross-field instabilities. Finally, instability mechanisms for producing long-time interpenetration of plasma and magnetic field in post-implosion theta pinches are discussed, together with estimates of the anomalous resistivity.

日本語訳

高温プラズマにおける磁場横断電流によって駆動される様々な微視的不安定性に関連する線形、非線形、および異常輸送特性を概説する。特に、シータピンチプラズマの爆縮および爆縮後の段階に関連する不安定性、例えばブーネマン(電子-イオン二流)、イオン音波、低混成ドリフト、電磁イオンサイクロトロン、およびイオン-イオン磁場横断不安定性に重点を置く。これらの不安定性の非線形および準線形発展の解析的研究を提示し、様々な理論モデルと非線形飽和機構の妥当性を検証するための計算機シミュレーション実験との詳細な比較を行う。上に列挙した微視的不安定性に伴う(短波長)乱流によって生成される巨視的輸送を自己無撞着に記述する一般的な理論的形式を提示する。急速にパルス化されたシータピンチにおける爆縮挙動(拡散電流シースによって特徴づけられる)を記述するためにそのような自己無撞着な異常輸送モデルが必要であるという実験的証拠を、人工粘性を含む一流体(MHD)モデルを用いてこれらの爆縮を数値的にモデル化する初期の試みとともに概説する。各空間および時間ステップで異常輸送の効果を完全に自己無撞着な方法で含む流体数値シミュレーションが、実験観測のいくつかの特徴を説明することを示す。反射イオンのシース構造と爆縮ダイナミクスへの関連性も議論し、反射イオンダイナミクスと磁場横断不安定性に伴う異常輸送の両方を含む、ピンチ爆縮の最新のハイブリッド数値研究(ブラソフイオンと流体電子)を提示する。最後に、爆縮後シータピンチにおけるプラズマと磁場の長時間の相互浸透を生み出す不安定性機構を、異常抵抗率の評価とともに議論する。

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Anomalous transport
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