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A fusion reactor: continuous or semi-continuous?

P -H Rebut, D Boucher, C Gormezano, B E Keen, M L Watkins1993年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Based upon latest results from JET and other tokamaks and upon model projections, the operating conditions of a fusion reactor are predicted. The technical and scientific issues involved in continuous operation of such a reactor using noninductive drive are identified. Candidate techniques include injecting beams of high energy neutral particles and radio waves at various frequencies (such as fast, lower hybrid and electron cyclotron waves). The basis for a continuously operating reactor is not apparent and a convincing demonstration would require either a high current drive efficiency (above 1020 A/m2W) at a density above approximately 1020 m3; or ignition and adequate impurity control at a density of 5*1019 m-3 with moderate current drive efficiency ( approximately 0.5*1020 A/m2W); or high power operation in a regime with a dominant bootstrap current. Semi-continuous operation with inductive current drive offers the only viable alternative for long pulse reactor operation. This could use either forward current or alternating current operation, provided the central solenoid was sufficiently large. A tokamak reactor operating semi-continuously would be simpler in construction, use re-circulating power more efficiently and would likely be more reliable in operation. It is proposed that the Next Step tokamak be based on inductive semi-continuous operation.

日本語訳

最新のJETおよび他のトカマクの結果とモデル予測に基づき、核融合炉の運転条件を予測する。非誘導電流駆動を用いたこのような炉の連続運転に関わる技術的・科学的課題を特定する。候補となる手法には、高エネルギー中性粒子ビームの入射や、様々な周波数の電波(高速波、低域混成波、電子サイクロトロン波など)が含まれる。連続運転する炉の実現根拠は明確ではなく、説得力のある実証には以下のいずれかが必要となる:約10²⁰ m⁻³以上の密度における高い電流駆動効率(10²⁰ A/m²W以上)、または約5×10¹⁹ m⁻³の密度における適度な電流駆動効率(約0.5×10²⁰ A/m²W)と十分な不純物制御を伴う点火、あるいは自発電流が支配的な領域での高出力運転である。パルス運転の長時間化には、誘導電流駆動による準連続運転が唯一の現実的な代替手段である。これは、十分に大きな中心ソレノイドを用いた順方向電流または交番電流運転のいずれかによって実現できる。準連続運転するトカマク炉は、構造がより単純で、循環電力の利用効率が高く、運転の信頼性も高いと考えられる。次段階トカマクは、誘導準連続運転に基づくことが提案される。

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