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Stationary density profiles in the Levitated Dipole Experiment: toward fusion without tritium fuel

J Kesner, M S Davis, J L Ellsworth, D T Garnier, J Kahn, M E Mauel, P Michael, B Wilson, P P Woskov2010年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The Levitated Dipole Experiment (LDX) is used to study high-temperature plasma confined by the magnetic field produced by a high-current superconducting ring. Multiple-frequency electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) heats and sustains plasma discharges for long, quasi-steady periods, and conditions of high plasma beta are reached by adjusting the rate of neutral fueling. When the superconducting ring is levitated by attraction to a coil located above the vacuum chamber, cross-field transport becomes the main loss channel for plasma particles and energy. We find operation with a levitated dipole always leads to centrally peaked density profiles, even when the plasma ionization source occurs near the plasma edge. In recent experiments, we also observe the normalized gradient, or shape, of the density profile to be 'stationary' while the ECRH heating power and gas fueling rates are strongly modulated. Theoretically, stationary profiles result in an energy confinement time (of the thermal plasma) that greatly exceeds the particle confinement time. This condition, along with high-beta plasma stability, is a necessary condition for utilizing advanced fuels in a fusion power source.

日本語訳

浮遊ダイポール実験(LDX)は、高電流超伝導リングによって生成される磁場に閉じ込められた高温プラズマを研究するために用いられる。多周波数電子サイクロトロン共鳴加熱(ECRH)は、長期間の準定常放電を加熱・維持し、高ベータプラズマの条件は、中性粒子供給速度を調整することによって達成される。超伝導リングが真空容器上部のコイルへの吸引によって浮遊しているとき、横断磁場輸送がプラズマ粒子とエネルギーの主要な損失経路となる。浮遊ダイポール運転では、プラズマの電離源がプラズマ端付近に存在する場合でも、密度分布が常に中心ピーク型になることが見出された。最近の実験では、ECRH加熱電力とガス供給速度を強く変調している間も、密度分布の規格化勾配(形状)が「定常的」であることが観測されている。理論的には、定常的な分布は、エネルギー閉じ込め時間(熱プラズマの)が粒子閉じ込め時間を大幅に上回る結果をもたらす。この条件は、高ベータプラズマ安定性とともに、核融合エネルギー源における先進燃料の利用に必要な条件である。

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