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A tokamak with nearly uniform coil stress based on the virial theorem

H. Tsutsui, K. Nakayama, T. Ito, H. Ajikawa, S. Nomura, S. Tsuji-Iio, R. Shimada2004年被引用 10Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

A novel tokamak design with a new type of toroidal field (TF) coil and a central solenoid (CS) whose stress is reduced greatly to the theoretical limit determined by the virial theorem, has been devised, and plasma production and confinement experiments in a new small tokamak based on this design are presented. According to the virial theorem, the best TF coil for producing the strongest magnetic field under the weakest stress requires equal averaged principal stresses in all directions. Applying this condition to a helical coil, its pitch number is determined as a function of the aspect ratio. The helical winding according to this condition is modulated in such a way that the poloidal field exists only outside of the torus, which reduces the torsional force on the helical coil and makes plasma breakdown possible. Moreover, a helical coil with this modulation and a low aspect ratio is similar to CS and TF coil systems in conventional tokamaks since its helical winding is nearly vertical in the outer part of the torus. With the aspect ratio A = 2, our optimal coil theoretically reduces the working stress in the coil to about one-third less than that of conventional TF coils. On the basis of the design, a small prototype, 'Todoroki-II', with a major radius of 0.3 m, a minor radius of 0.08 m, toroidal magnetic field strengths of BT < 1.5 T and plasma currents of IP < 40 kA, was made. An external vertical field increased the plasma pulse length and the current to 1 ms and 11 kA, respectively, while they were restricted with no vertical field control. Using a Cauchy-condition surface method, the shape and displacement of the plasma boundary were reconstructed, and position control using the vetical field was confirmed.

日本語訳

ビリアル定理によって決定される理論的限界まで応力が大幅に低減された、新型のトロイダル磁場(TF)コイルと中心ソレノイド(CS)を備えた新しいトカマク設計を考案し、この設計に基づく新しい小型トカマクにおけるプラズマ生成および閉じ込め実験を報告する。ビリアル定理によれば、最も弱い応力の下で最も強い磁場を生成するための最良のTFコイルは、全方向において平均主応力が等しいことを必要とする。この条件をヘリカルコイルに適用すると、そのピッチ数はアスペクト比の関数として決定される。この条件に従うヘリカル巻線は、ポロイダル磁場がトーラスの外部にのみ存在するように変調され、これによりヘリカルコイルに働くねじり力が低減され、プラズマの絶縁破壊が可能になる。さらに、この変調を有し低アスペクト比のヘリカルコイルは、そのヘリカル巻線がトーラスの外側部分でほぼ垂直であるため、従来のトカマクにおけるCSおよびTFコイルシステムに類似している。アスペクト比A = 2の場合、我々の最適コイルは、理論上、コイル内の使用応力を従来のTFコイルのそれよりも約3分の1低減する。この設計に基づき、主半径0.3 m、副半径0.08 m、トロイダル磁場強度BT < 1.5 T、プラズマ電流IP < 40 kAを有する小型プロトタイプ『Todoroki-II』を製作した。外部垂直磁場により、プラズマパルス長と電流はそれぞれ1 msと11 kAに増加したが、垂直磁場制御がない場合にはこれらは制限された。コーシー条件表面法を用いて、プラズマ境界の形状と変位を再構成し、垂直磁場を用いた位置制御を確認した。

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