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Electron cyclotron/upper hybrid resonant pre-ionization in the ISX-B tokamak

R.M. Gilgenbach, M.E. Read, K.E. Hackett, R.F. Lucey, V.L. Granatstein, A.C. England, C.M. Loring, J.B. Wilgen, R.C. Isler, Y-K.M. Peng1981年被引用 69Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Pre-ionization experiments have been performed on a tokamak by injecting about 80 kW of microwave power at 35 GHz for up to 15 ms. Microwave absorption occurs at the electron cyclotron and upper hybrid resonance frequencies as predicted by theory. Pre-ionization causes substantial (40%) reductions in loop voltage during the initial phase of the tokamak shot. Flux (volt-second) savings with pre-ionization are about 30% in the first 2 ms or about 2% of the total flux expenditure in a tokamak shot. The plasma current begins 200 μs earlier and rises 1.4 times more rapidly in the pre-ionized case. Electron densities of 5 × 1012 cm−3 can be sustained throughout the microwave pulse with only a toroidal magnetic field during microwave injection. The bulk electron temperature in the pre-ionized plasma is about 10 eV although there are indications of higher electron temperatures (50 eV) in the upper hybrid resonance layer. Although questions exist concerning the quiescent behaviour of the pre-ionized plasma, the observed parameters are shown to be consistent with a theory which employs classical models of energy and particle balance. During the early stages of Ohmic heating, the pre-ionization is effective in decreasing the peak of the radiated power.

日本語訳

トカマクにおいて、35 GHzで約80 kWのマイクロ波電力を最大15 ms間注入することにより、予備電離実験を実施した。マイクロ波吸収は、理論で予測されたように、電子サイクロトロン共鳴周波数および上部混成共鳴周波数で発生する。予備電離により、トカマク放電の初期段階におけるループ電圧の大幅な(40%)低減がもたらされる。予備電離による磁束(ボルト秒)の節約は、最初の2 ms間で約30%、またはトカマク放電における総磁束消費量の約2%である。プラズマ電流は、予備電離の場合、200 μs早く開始し、1.4倍速く立ち上がる。マイクロ波パルス全体を通じて、マイクロ波注入中はトロイダル磁場のみで、5 × 10¹² cm⁻³の電子密度を維持できる。予備電離プラズマ中のバルク電子温度は約10 eVであるが、上部混成共鳴層ではより高い電子温度(50 eV)を示す兆候がある。予備電離プラズマの静穏な挙動に関して疑問は残るものの、観測されたパラメータは、エネルギーおよび粒子バランスの古典的モデルを用いる理論と一致することが示されている。オーミック加熱の初期段階において、予備電離は放射パワーのピークを低減するのに効果的である。

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Upper hybridISX-B
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