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Self-consistent simulation of supersonic plasma flows in advanced divertors

Satoshi Togo, Tomonori Takizuka, Dirk Reiser, Mizuki Sakamoto, Naomichi Ezumi, Yuichi Ogawa, Kunpei Nojiri, Kenzo Ibano, Yue Li, Yousuke Nakashima2019年被引用 9Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Advanced divertors gain larger plasma wetted area by poloidal or total flux expansion. Qualitative characteristics of supersonic plasma flows which are generated by the magnetic nozzle effect are studied by using a plasma fluid model incorporating anisotropic ion pressure (AIP model). The AIP model can self-consistently simulate supersonic plasma flows because, unlike the widely-used plasma fluid model (the Braginskii equations), the equation of parallel plasma momentum in it is described as a hyperbolic-type and the plasma flow velocity is solved without using explicit boundary conditions at the sheath entrance in front of divertor plates. In comparisons of plasma profiles between the AIP model and the Braginskii equations, it is observed that the plasma flow velocity in the Braginskii equations is forced to the sound speed at the sheath entrance in conditions of decelerating supersonic plasma flows leading to qualitative deviations with the AIP model. In an application of the AIP model to a scrape-off layer/divertor region incorporating super-X divertors with various flux-expansion ratios, supersonic plasma flows in divertor regions and highly anisotropic ion temperatures are successfully simulated. It is also demonstrated that it becomes easier with the AIP model to explain the mechanisms of generations of supersonic plasma flows and acceleration/deceleration of them (including stationary shock waves) in flux-expanding divertors from the mirror effect point of view.

日本語訳

先進ダイバータは、ポロイダルまたは全磁束拡大によって、より大きなプラズマ濡れ面積を得る。磁気ノズル効果によって生成される超音速プラズマ流の定性的特性を、異方性イオン圧力を組み込んだプラズマ流体モデル(AIPモデル)を用いて研究した。AIPモデルは、広く用いられているプラズマ流体モデル(Braginskii方程式)とは異なり、その中の平行プラズマ運動量の方程式が双曲型として記述され、ダイバータ板の前方のシース入口における明示的な境界条件を用いずにプラズマ流速度が解かれるため、超音速プラズマ流を自己無撞着にシミュレートできる。AIPモデルとBraginskii方程式との間のプラズマ分布の比較において、減速する超音速プラズマ流の条件下では、Braginskii方程式におけるプラズマ流速度がシース入口で音速に強制され、AIPモデルとの定性的な差異を生じることが観察される。様々な磁束拡大比を持つスーパーXダイバータを組み込んだスクレイプオフ層/ダイバータ領域へのAIPモデルの適用では、ダイバータ領域における超音速プラズマ流と高度に異方性のあるイオン温度が首尾よくシミュレートされる。また、AIPモデルを用いることで、磁束拡大ダイバータにおける超音速プラズマ流の生成およびそれらの加速/減速(定常衝撃波を含む)のメカニズムを、ミラー効果の観点から説明することがより容易になることも実証される。

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