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Engineering experience in JET operations

Enzo Bertolini1997年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractThe inherent flexibility of JET's original concept has permitted several engineering upgradings and modifications, to address a large variety of plasma and fusion physics issues. The most recent major modification has been the installation of an axisymmetric single-null pumped divertor (Mark I), successfully operated in the experimental period 1994–1995. Following the divertor optimization programme a new, more closed, divertor configuration has now been installed (Mark II), which has shown a better power handling capability and substantially improved neutral particle retention. A key feature of the new design is the possibility to replace the divertor target plate structure using full remote handling techniques following extended D-T operations. Toroidal asymmetries of vessel forces due to Vertical Displacement Events (VDE) and halo currents were experienced since 1994, leading in some cases to sideways movements of the vessel of 7 mm. This has required modification and upgrading of the vacuum vessel support system. Gap control of plasma position and shape and machine protection systems have been developed further, leading to increased experimental availability. Future development foresees the installation of a Mark II Gas Box divertor structure, while studies are underway to increase the toroidal field capability from 3.45 to 4 T and the additional heating power by increasing the NB injector output from 80 kV, 60 A to 120 kV, 60 A and by using wide band matching for ICRF.

日本語訳

JETの当初の設計概念に内在する柔軟性により、多岐にわたるプラズマ物理および核融合物理の課題に対処するための数多くの工学的改造・改良が可能となった。直近の主要な改造は、軸対称シングルヌル排気ダイバータ(Mark I)の設置であり、1994年から1995年の実験期間において成功裏に運用された。ダイバータ最適化プログラムに続いて、より閉じた構造の新型ダイバータ配置(Mark II)が設置され、これは優れた熱処理能力と大幅に改善された中性粒子閉じ込め特性を示した。新型設計の重要な特徴は、長時間の重水素-トリチウム(D-T)運転後に遠隔操作技術を用いてダイバータ標的板構造を交換できる点である。1994年以降、垂直変位事象(VDE)およびハロー電流による容器力のトロイダル非対称性が経験され、場合によっては容器の横方向変位が7 mmに達した。これにより、真空容器支持システムの改良・改造が必要となった。プラズマ位置・形状のギャップ制御および機械保護システムはさらに発展し、実験稼働率の向上につながった。今後の開発計画では、Mark IIガスボックスダイバータ構造の設置が予定されており、同時にトロイダル磁場強度の3.45 Tから4 Tへの増強、中性粒子ビーム入射(NBI)出力の80 kV・60 Aから120 kV・60 Aへの増強、およびICRF加熱における広帯域整合の適用に関する研究が進行中である。

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